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A Systematic Review of Myiasis in the World with Emphasis on Identification, Control and Treatment
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A Yousefi1   , K Akbarzadeh2 , S Mousavi3 , GH Shahraki4 , T Hazratian5 |
1- Department of Parasitology, Mycology, Medical Entomology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,
2- Department of Biology and Vector Control, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
4- Department of Health Education & Promotion, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
5- Department of Parasitology, Mycology, Medical Entomology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran, , hazratian2@gmail.com |
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Abstract: (1280 Views) |
Background & aim: Myiasis is actually the contamination of human or animal organs and tissues by fly larvae. Myiasis can be divided into two methods: entomological and clinical. In the entomological method, the classification of myiasis is based on the parasitic characteristics of the fly larvae. In this method, myiasis is divided into obligate, facultative and adventitious types. In the clinical method, myiasis is named for each area of the body that is infected. In this method, myiasis is divided into ocular, cutaneous, nasopharyngeal, ear, oral, throat, nasal, gastrointestinal, genitourinary and hospital myiasis. Although different types of myiasis have been reported from different ages, it can be severe and fatal in children. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine and systematically review myiasis in the world with emphasis on identification, control and treatment.
Methods: The present research was a systematic review study. Based on the keywords including: myiasis, double-headed, maggot, cyclopha and treatment, the scientific databases Pub Med, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science and Google Scholar search engine and specialized journals and books and grey sources were searched and downloaded. In this study, the Prisma checklist was used, which includes how to find articles, screen, access related articles and summarize articles. About 350 sources were obtained, which, considering the research objectives such as investigating the species causing myiasis in different parts of the world and comparing them with the species reported from Iran, after qualitative evaluation of the sources based on the global standard checklist (Case Report Guidelines) including having appropriate titles and keywords, disease information, clinical history, diagnostic and therapeutic measures, follow-up, discussion and transparency of conflict of interest, 34 sources were selected and examined. Finally, the collected data were analyzed using the Prisma checklist.
Results: The studies indicated that the causes of myiasis often belong to the families Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, Ostridae, Goiterbridae, Gasserophyllidae, Musidae, Syrphididae and Phorididae from the suborder Cyclorrhapha. In Iran, oral myiasis accounts for the most cases of myiasis with 38%, followed by ocular myiasis with 15%. Oestrus ovis has played the most role in causing myiasis with about 60% and Lucilia serricata and Chrysomya bezziana with 10%. The most cases of myiasis are related to the age groups of 21-30 and over 60 years. Furuncular cutaneous myiasis, which is most often caused by Cordylobia anthropophaga, is the most common type of myiasis in the world, but has not been reported from Iran so far. Observing hygiene tips, especially when dealing with livestock, treating superficial wounds quickly and keeping them safe from insects, is one of the prevention of myiasis, and removing larvae and using antibiotics is also the way to treat myiasis.
Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it was concluded that the types of myiasis and its producers were different in the world and Iran. In Iran, the fly Ostros ovis with 60% and Chrysomia beziana and Lucilia sericata with 10% played the most role in causing myiasis. Most of the reported cases of myiasis from Iran were related to the age group of 21-30 and over 65 years. Moreover, analyzing the results of the present study may lead to the preparation of an effective control and treatment program. However, problems related to access to health services and control of disease-causing agents are still considered as major challenges in the treatment and prevention of myiasis. Despite this, observing hygiene tips, especially when dealing with livestock, promptly treating superficial wounds and keeping them safe from insects are among the ways to prevent myiasis, and removing larvae and using antibiotics are also ways to treat myiasis.
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| Keywords: Myiasis, Double-headed, Maggot, Cyclorapha, Treatment |
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Full-Text [PDF 562 kb]
(39 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Review Article |
Subject:
Parasitology
Received: 2025/07/1 | Accepted: 2025/10/4 | Published: 2025/10/18
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