Background: There is no information available regarding the effect of an incremental Concurrent aerobic and resistance training protocol on osteogenic response of bone tissue for osteoporosis prevention and treatment. This study evaluate the efficacy of Concurrent training compared to endurance training for enhancing femoral bone mineral density and mechanical strength of osteoporotic male Wistar Rats.

Methodology: In this experimental design, firstly among forty male Wistar rats, 8 rats were separated as healthy group. Then Osteoporosis induced in other rats by intraperitoneal injection of 20% alcohol/saline solution (3 g per kg of body weight). Injection were carried out in the first 4 days of the week, once a day for three consecutive weeks. Osteoporotic rats divided into 4 groups (n=8 per group): baseline, resistance training, concurrent training and control. The endurance training protocol included running on a treadmill with a 0% grade and at a constant speed 12 m/min to a maximum of 60 minutes per day. Concurrent group carried out a combination of both endurance and resistance trainings (4 series of climbs on the 110-cm vertical ladder angled at 80º with weights tied to animal tail and Observance the principle of overload at 50% of the total body mass of the animal in the first series to 100% in the fourth series). After completing 12 weeks of exercise trainings (5 days a week), the animals were euthanized, and excised left femurs were scanned for BMD measurement and examined by three point bending test to obtain the Maximum breaking-force and stiffness. Data analysis performed by Independent t-test for comparing among healthy and baseline groups, as well, one way- ANOVA was applied for assessment of inter groups viabilities. A p- value (0.05) was set for data statistical analysis.

Result: The Concurrent group showed a significantly increased on BMD (p=0.000), maximum force (p=0.000) and stiffness (p=0.000) versus to control group. Endurance exercise intervention resulted in a significant increase in maximum force (p=0.001) and stiffness (p=0.027) without statistical significance differences in BMD (p=0.514). Incremental changes in factors of BMD (p=0.000), maximum force (p=0.000) and stiffness (p=0.006) of femoral Concurrent training group obtained more than endurance training group.

Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the combination of endurance and strength training exercise may have a synergistic effect on increasing the mechanical strength of osteoporotic femoral bone in male rats versus to endurance training alone.