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Investigate lower limb injuries and the relationship between neck and lower back pain with craniovertebral and lumbosacral angles in freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestlers
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Hossein Pirani1   , Aref Basereh2 , Karen Khoramipour3 |
1- Chabahar Maritime University , hn.piranis@gmail.com
2- Kharazmi University
3- Kurdistan University |
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Abstract: (44 Views) |
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between postural abnormalities (including the craniovertebral and lumbosacral angles) and the incidence of spinal and lower limb injuries in freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestlers. Additionally, differences in injury patterns between the two wrestling styles were examined.
Methods: The study population included 200 professional wrestlers (100 freestyle and 100 Greco-Roman) from the provinces of Kermanshah, Gilan, and Hamedan. Data were collected using an injury assessment questionnaire, a Spinal Mouse device to measure the lumbosacral angle, and imaging along with AutoCAD software to measure the craniovertebral angle. Data analysis was performed using Pearson’s correlation and independent t-tests in SPSS software.
Results: The results showed a significant difference in knee, ankle, and toe injuries between freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestlers (p < 0.05). The primary injury mechanisms in freestyle wrestlers included limb strain or sprain by the opponent (39.8%) and falling on the mat (31.2%), while in Greco-Roman wrestlers, falling on the mat (54.8%) was the most common cause of injury. Additionally, a significant negative correlation was observed between the craniovertebral angle and neck pain (p = 0.002), but no significant difference was found in the lumbosacral angle between wrestlers with and without lower back pain.
Conclusion: Technical differences between freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling lead to distinct lower limb injury patterns. Poor head and neck posture (craniovertebral angle) is associated with neck pain, while the lumbosacral angle does not significantly affect lower back pain. To reduce injuries, strengthening exercises for spinal and neck muscles, along with training in proper techniques, are recommended. |
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| Keywords: Wrestling injuries, Craniovertebral angle, Lumbosacral angle, Neck and lower back pain |
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Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Sport Physiology
Received: 2025/02/5 | Accepted: 2025/10/13 | Published: 2025/10/19
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