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Introduction & Objective: There are three elements such as emotional, social and cognitive concepts in happiness. The first causes positive expression, the second causes expanded and positive social relations with the others and the last results the thought that interprets optimism-rating events. Due to happiness role in health of body and spirit of students and also for limited studies in these fields, research about the matter seems necessary. Materials & Methods: This study has been carried out by Oxford happiness questionnaire. The questionnaire had 29 multiple choices that most of objects have been made with inverting sentences of Beck test by Argyle and Lu in 1989. In numerous researches which have been done in different countries, the cronbach’s alpha was 0/87 - 0/92 and reliability was 0/78 – 0/81. The questionnaire was completed by 303 students of school of management and medical information sciences that were selected randomly (in 2003). Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA), t test and Chi test. Results: This study was performed on 303 persons totally (80 men and 223 women). Average of happiness scale was 42 ±14 that has not a significant difference with developed countries. There was no significant relation between students’ happiness scale and age, sex, field of education and period of education but there was a significant positive relationship between students’ happiness and interest in field of education and hope to future job. Conclusion: To introduce the fields of educations to students before entering to university, possibility of education in one of the favorit study majors and give hope to students that university can be an opportunity for acquiring successful job in all aspects in their life seems effective in their happiness.

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Introduction & Objective: previous studies suggest that satisfactory social support leads to physical health and psychological well-being. The aim of the present study was to investigate the gender differences in relation betweens different dimensions of perceived social support and different aspects of well-being in Iranian University Students. Materials & Methods: This analytical study was conducted, using three different groups of students. Students were selected among the students of Tehran University and Allame Tabatabayi university, in 2007. Students were asked to complete perceived social support, positive affect, negative affect, life satisfaction, and psychological and social well-being scales. All the students voluntarily completed and returned the questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the data using SPSS software. Results: It was found that, social support measures are better predictors for life satisfaction and affect balance in girls compared with boys. Moreover, perceived social support from family plays a more important role in girls when it comes to prediction of psychological and social well-being. In contrast, perceived social support from friends plays the same role in boys. Finally, perceived social support from special person and colleagues’ faculty can not significantly predict aspects of well-being. Conclusion: there were gender differences in addition to similarities in the relation between aspects of perceived social support and aspects of well-being. Some aspects of perceived social support predict well-being better in boys and some others are better for prediction of well-being in girls.

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Background & Aim: Successful family relationships and marital satisfaction largely depends on couples’ awareness of their marital or parental roles. Marital relations training could provide adaptation with expected roles for both husband and wife. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of life skills training on marital satisfaction in married women. Methods: The present quasi-experimental study which was carried out in 2010 examined fifty married women in Dogonbadan, Iran. The Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire and related demographic data which was collected prior and one year after training, were used for the study. T-test was used for data analysis. Results: The mean age, average number of children, and the average length of marriage were 35, 1.8, and 10.36 years respectively. The average of all scores was significantly different in pretest and post test (p<0.002). Also, the scores of personality objects (p<0.05), marital relationships (p<0.001), conflict resolution (p<0.001), and financial and economic monitoring (p<0.001) were significantly different. The differences in mean scores of subscales in relationship with relatives and friends, leisure activities, and marriage and children were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The results showed that marital skills' training is effective in improving the marital status and satisfaction, and also improved the quality of life among married couples.

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Background & aim: The issue of marital infidelity is considered as an increasing concern in our society, which is associated with instability in relationships and high rate of divorce.The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of marital adjustment and the quality of love in the applicants with a history of divorce and marital infidelity. Methods: In this qualification-analytical, cross-sectional study performed in 2012 in the Fars welfare organization, 90 people were selected by available sampling and classified into three groups with a history of marital infidelity and divorce, divorce without a history of marital infidelity and controls. Three individual groups completed the Inventory Adjustment Scale and Sternberg's love triangle. Subjects with a history of marital infidelity completed questionnaires of regarding love triangle scale again regarding upon their marital relationship. Data were analyzed by dependent t-test and ANOVA. Results: Significant differences were observed among divorce group and various aspects of marital love triangle (P<0/001).Results also revealed that there was a significant difference between the groups with and without marital infidelity, from the view point of intimacy, passion and anxiousness, commitment, and decision in relationship (P<0/001). Investigating the quality of love in individuals with marital infidelity showed differences in all aspects of Sternberg`s love triangle in relationship with wife and ultra-marital relationships (P<0/001). Conclusion: Marital incompatibility alone is not a strong reason for marital infidelity in hard conditions of life and according to the research’s results. The most significant factor in attracting for ultra- marital relationship and the quality of the relationship and love between couples were the quality of the relationship and love between couples.

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Background & aim: Inadequate or incorrect information, thoughts and maladaptive beliefs about sex and anxiety is a common cause of sexual problems. These problems can be treated properly by proper training so that the couples could reach desirable marital relationship.The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sexual cognitive restructuring education on reducing sexual problems and sexual satisfaction of couples in Isfahan, Iran. Methods: In the present experimental study, the pretest-posttest with control group, 120 parents of elementary school students in Isfahan were chosen and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The research instruments were Hooper sexual problems and Larson sexual satisfaction questionnaires, and ten sessions, two hours each, were held in order to educate sexual cognitive restructuring for the experimental group, but no intervention for control group was held. Data were analyzed using covariance test. Results: sexual training cognitive restructuring reduced the total number of sexual problems and all its aspects and also was effective in increasing sexual satisfaction of couples (P <0.05). Conclusion: Due to the reason that many psychological distress and marital conflicts are caused by lack of sexual satisfaction, therefore, proper training and cognitive changes in people may help to strengthen the foundation of the family.

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Background & aim: Adolescence is an important period of human development. Adolescents have to cope with various common stressors. Therefore, adolescence often has been thought of as a peak time of stress. Stress is one of the aspects of a students’ daily life. Stress can lead to physical and psychological complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral stress management training on school psychological well-being and school satisfaction on teenage girls in Urmia, Iran. Methods: The present quasi experimental pretest-posttest plan with 2 groups was selected to conduct this study and well-being and life satisfaction (school satisfaction component) questionnaires were used to collect data. The population of this study was adolescent girls aged 15-14 years in the 2010-2011 academic years. Thirty female students were selected through random sampling technique. They were placed in 2 groups of 15 subjects ( 1 control group and 1 experimental group). After the Pre-test, the participants in experimental group were given cognitive-behavioral techniques training for 1/5 hours in 10 session. The control group did not received any training in all these session. After these sessions, the groups were evaluated once again. Results: analysis of t-test showed that post-test well-being and school satisfaction of 2 groups showed a meaningful difference. Difference between pre-test and post-test score in experimental group and control group in psychological well-being was significant (p= 0/01). It could be claimed that results were product of operation (99% level of confidence). Also, the difference between pre-test and post-test score in experimental group and control group in psychological well-being was significant (p= 0/95). It could be claimed that results were product of operation (95% level of confidence). Conclusion: training of cognitive-behavioral stress management techniques increased well-being and school satisfaction in experimental group in comparison with control group. Cognitive-behavioral stress management training could be used as an independent manner and/or with other therapies to increase school satisfaction and psychological well-being.

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Backgrounds and aim: one of the most important aspects of every marital system is the satisfaction experienced by both sides. With respect to the importance of applying integrative approaches in such an issue, this study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of mental-educational method of interactive-cognitive analysis on marital satisfaction.

Methods: The present interventional study was conducted based on the method of in access sampling with random replacement (2007-2008) with ten couples in experimental group and 10 couples in control group. Examinees were randomly picked out of couples referred to consulting centers of Yazd Wellbeing Organization. Experimental group underwent education based on the integration of Transactional-cognitive analysis, while control group did not receive any treatment. Marital satisfaction was evaluated by means of Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire, before and after intervention.

Results: Mental-educational method of interactive-cognitive analysis, significantly (P0.05>) increased marital satisfaction in terms of sub-scales of personal traits, leisure activities, and roles related to man-woman equality.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that Transactional-cognitive analysis with an education on relation setting, as well as verifying malfunctioning cognitions resulted from or escalated due to destructive marital relations, leads to an increase in marital satisfaction, with altering inter and intra-personal factors.

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Abstract

Background & aim: Marriage means common life wedlock with relative independency protection. It could be one of the most complex human relationships.  Its stability could be strongly dependent on satisfaction and its quality. Using different psychological techniques and approaches, a lot of studies have been conducted to increase these marital indexes. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the role of choice theory training to couple and its effects on marital life satisfaction and quality of marital life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of reality therapy on marital satisfaction of married women employed at Yasuj University of Medical Sciences quality.

Methods: The present study had a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest control group. The study population consisted of all employees married women of Yasuj university of Medical Sciences in 2014, which by random sampling 30 participants were selected and randomly assigned into two experimental groups for 2 months (8 sessions of 2 hours) of reality therapy training. Enrich marital satisfaction scale and Fletcher quality of marital life scale were used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23 and P value of 0.05.

Results: The results indicated that the total mean scores in marital satisfaction in experimental groups (129.07±4.2) significantly increased compared to the control group (113.4±6.8). The mean differences   in all subscales (with except of leisure time and relative sub scales) were significantly different. In quality of marital life, mean scores were significantly different between two groups (120.32±5.3 in experimental group against 101.2±7.28 for control group).

Conclusion: The results indicated that training of reality therapy based on choice theory to couples could increase marital satisfaction and quality of life.

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Background & aim: Educational and educational programs have a certain role in the progress of each society. The aim of this study was to compare the midwifery students' satisfaction with the teaching of gynecology and infertility by lecture and peer instruction.
 
Methods: In the present Quasi-experimental study, continuous midwifery students in 2017 were selected as the research community. Five semester midwifery students (22 students) were selected as research sample and 3 units of women's diseases and infertility as educational materials. Half of the teaching materials were taught by the professor in the first eight sessions of lectures and eight second sessions were taught by counterparts. At the end of both educational methods, students were asked to complete a questionnaire on satisfaction with the method of instruction. All students received informed consent for participation in the research. Data were analyzed by paired t-test.
 
Results: The mean score of satisfaction with the lecture teaching method and peer teaching method was 83.77±9.74, and 81.36±10.58 respectively (p=0.49). The average satisfaction score of the lecture method in the area of ​​creating interest and encouragement to participate in learning less than the peer education method (p=0.008), while respecting the principles and regulations related to teaching (p=0.005), in the field of testing and The evaluation of the content of the curriculum was also higher (p=0.07) and in the field of the appropriateness of the teaching method and its continuity with peer education was equal.
 
Conclusion: It seemed that the use of active teaching methods had a significant effect on increasing interest in learning and motivation in students, however, students consider the lecture method a better method to understand the content and to follow the principles of teaching more effectively. Using the peer education method is suggested as a complementary method of instruction and teaching.

 

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Background & aim: The family is the most important social institution that begins with marriage. Marriage is one of the most complex human relationships involving a marvelous encounter between culture, religion, nature, and the social rules of sexual attraction. Marital satisfaction and life satisfaction are factors affecting the stability and reliability of marriages as well as mental health of wives and children. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Glasgow reality therapy on marital satisfaction, life satisfaction and couple communication skills.
 
Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with control group with pret and post test. The statistical population consisted of all couples who referred to Shiraz Bahar Counseling Center. Thirty couples were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned control and experimental groups (15). The Glaser Reality Training Package was used to teach Glasher Reality Therapy, which consisted of 10 sessions of one-hour training. Marital Satisfaction Scales (Olson, 1998), Life Satisfaction (Diner, 1985), and Communication Skills (Nooran, 1967) were used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and MANCOVA tests.
 
Results: The results showed that after the Glaser Real Therapy training, there was a significant effect (p <0.001) on the variables.
 
Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be stated that Glaser reality therapy is a suitable method for increasing adaptation and increasing marital satisfaction and marital satisfaction.
 

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Background & aim: Extramarital affairs is a shocking issue for couples and families that play a major role in marital conflicts and couples' tendency towards divorce. The purpose of this study was to determine and predict marital satisfaction based on personality traits and coping styles in married people with extramarital relationships in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province.
 
Methods: The research method adopted was correlational in nature. The study population consisted of all married people who due to extramarital affairs in the years 2016-2017 had referred to the welfare divorce reduction centers of K.B province, counseling centers of K.B provinces, as well as courts and other related cases. The sample group consisted of 234 people who were selected by the available sampling and according to the satisfaction of individuals to participate in the research. For the purpose of data collection, use was made of three questionnaires, namely NEO Personality Inventory, Marital Satisfaction Scale Enrich Questionnaire and Indler and Parker Coping Styles.
 
Results: The findings indicated that Personality Traits and Coping Styles had a significant correlation with Marital Satisfaction. The results correspondingly revealed that the characteristics of extraversion, agreementability, problem-oriented and emotion-oriented explain a total of 29% of the variance of marital satisfaction. In addition, the variables of extraversion, agreementability, problem-oriented and emotion-oriented with beta of 0.21, 0.10, and -0.09, respectively, had a significant contribution in predicting marital satisfaction.
 
Conclusion: Generally speaking, the findings of the present study indicated that extraversion was the strongest predictor of marital satisfaction. Moreover, personality traits and coping styles were the psychological foundation of people's stable relationships with others and were therefore a key predictor of marital satisfaction.
 
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Background & aim: Considering the role of childbirth satisfaction on mood in postpartum period and its possible role on breastfeeding self-efficacy, the aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between childbirth satisfaction and lactation self-efficacy in women referred to comprehensive health centers. It was the city of Kashan.
 
Methods: The present descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 2020-2021. The statistical population included 300 mothers who referred to health centers during 4-8 weeks after delivery. To collect data, a checklist of demographic and obstetric characteristics, revised maternity satisfaction scale and short scale of breastfeeding self-efficacy were used. Validity and reliability of the instruments used were approved. it placed. The collected data were analyzed using t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficient and linear multiple regression by SPSS software.
 
Results: The mean score of breastfeeding self-efficacy of women was 46.75 10 10.75 and the mean score of their satisfaction with childbirth was 23.58 90 4.90. Pearson correlation test showed that women's satisfaction with childbirth had no significant relationship with their breastfeeding self-efficacy (r = -0.005, p = 0.932). The results of linear regression indicated that the variables of increasing family income, positive experience of breastfeeding, non-consumption of infant formula, more frequent breastfeeding and shorter interval from delivery to the first breastfeeding can predict the self-efficacy of breastfeeding women.
 
Conclusion: The results of the present study revealed that there was no correlation between delivery satisfaction and breastfeeding self-efficacy. Factors such as optimal support at delivery, previous history of breastfeeding and short interval between delivery and lactation had a predominant effect on delivery satisfaction.
 
 

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Hospital medical staff were less sexually active during the COVID-19 pandemic due to networking, distance from family, and COVID-19 anxiety. Given that nearly two years have passed since the outbreak of COVID-19 in the world and we are still witnessing the mutation of this deadly virus, first of all, it is necessary to evaluate the sexual satisfaction of hospital staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. Since sexual satisfaction is directly related to a person's mental health, more research is needed on the factors that can play a role in a couple's arousal and sexual desire during the coronation. The use of Tele-medical and psychiatric care is one of the good solutions that can solve the problems and sexual disorders of individuals and, consequently, improve the physical and mental health of families. To this end, we need to raise awareness of people, especially couples who are not satisfied with their sexual function, about the significant role of sexual activity in boosting the immune system and counteracting COVID-19 to see the least harm among families.
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Background & aim: Considering the importance of pain reduction and recovery of episiotomy and faster return of mothers to daily activities and the lack of existing studies on the effect of the combined gel of Halepah-Aloe vera after episiotomy, therefore the purpose of the present study was to determine and evaluate the effect of Teucrium polium plus Aloe vera gel on episiotomy wound healing, pain intensity and patient’s satisfaction in primiparous women

Methods: The present randomized, blinded clinical trial study was conducted on 100 participants in Bandar Abbas Persian Gulf Hospital, Iran. Aloe vera gel combined or placebo gel was prescribed twice in the episiotomy wound site for 10 days in the intervention and control groups, respectively. The outcome variables included pain and wound healing with the Rida scale (the amount of redness, edema, ecchymosis, secretions and the proximity of the edges of the episiotomy wound), patients' satisfaction, and the evaluation of side effects. The collected data were analyzed using chi-square and t-test statistical tests.

Results: The results indicated that the two groups had a statistically significant difference in terms of the Rida score on the fourth and tenth day after delivery (p<0.05). The group of Helepe-Aloe vera combined gel had better wound healing time than placebo. Moreover, in the case of pain, there was a statistically significant lower score in the group of Helpeh-Aloe vera combined gel on the fourth day (5.80±1.34 vs. 6.79±1.42) and the tenth day (1.71±0.88 vs. 91 2.58±0.05) after delivery compared to placebo (p<0.05). The results of the study show that patient satisfaction on the fourth day (3.45±1.17 vs. 5.42±1.37) and the tenth day (1.33±0.57 vs. 2.50±1.21) after Delivery was significantly better compared to placebo (p<0.05).

Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that the combined gel of Halpa-Aloe Vera improved episiotomy wound, better patient satisfaction and less pain intensity compared to the placebo.

 

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Investigating the influencing factors on the performance and sexual satisfaction of hysterectomized women of reproductive age in Yasouj city in 2020-2022
Introduction: Sexual dysfunction after hysterectomy is a common problem that occurs in most women after the operation. Hysterectomy is the most common surgical procedure for women and sexual dysfunction also has a high prevalence, and it seems necessary to investigate the complications of this type of operation in Iran. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine sexual performance and sexual satisfaction in hysterectomized women of reproductive age who referred to Shahid Muftah Clinic in Yasuj city in 2020-2022.
Methodology: This is a descriptive-analytical study and the number of samples of 66 hysterectomized women of reproductive age who referred to Shahid Muftah Clinic was conducted through available sampling method and the questionnaires were administered during two periods of three months and six months after the operation. was filled The data collection tools included the questionnaire of demographic characteristics-demographic variables, the sexual performance questionnaire (FSFI) and the questionnaire related to sexual satisfaction. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS-25 software using descriptive statistics (prevalence-mean and percentage) and inferential statistics (chi-square and Pearson's correlation coefficient).
Findings: In this study, 66 women of reproductive age (15-45) who underwent hysterectomy were examined. The average age of the participants was 3.62 ± 41.77, the age of marriage was 5.79 ± 18.42, the number of children was 1.22 ± 2.88, and the age of the spouses was 5.62 ± 47.09. 46 people (69.69%) had TAH hysterectomy surgery, 12 people (18.17%) had TVH surgery, and 8 people (6.1%) had supracervical surgery, which has a statistically significant difference between the types of hysterectomy surgery with sexual function (P=0.045). and sexual satisfaction (p=0.043) was found so that there was less performance and sexual satisfaction in abdominal hysterectomy. In addition, the number of 44 women, ovaries (one-sided or two-sided) were preserved during the operation and this had an effect on the behavior and emotions in sexual satisfaction (PISQ), libido and dysparonia in sexual performance P=0.0135, the most common cause of hysterectomies Abnormal bleeding (AUB) (40.9%) and caesarean section (18.2%) and then fibroma (16.7%) were respectively included. There was no significant difference between the education of the wife and the husband, the type of employment, the type of housing, and the sexual satisfaction of the patients.
Conclusion : Based on the results of this research, the amount of income, the type of surgery and the skill of the doctor in the operation with/without removal of the ovaries (unilateral or bilateral) had a direct effect on the performance and sexual satisfaction of women of reproductive age, and there was a difference between the age of the wife, the place of residence, the education of the man and There was no statistically significant relationship between job satisfaction and sexual performance. In this study, it has been tried to identify the factors affecting sexual issues after hysterectomy, so that a solution can be found to moderate this disorder and increase the quality of married life of these people after the operation.
 Keywords: hysterectomy, reproductive age, sexual satisfaction, sexual function