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Introduction & Objective: Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy among women worldwide. Polymorphisms in Xenobiotic Metabolizing Enzymes (XEMs) and drugs such as P450 (CYP2D6) may increase susceptibility to breast cancer. Little is known about the association of CYP2D6*4 (1894 G to A) polymorphism and susceptibility to breast cancer. This study aimed to investigate the possible relationship of the CYP2D6 *4 gene polymorphism and breast cancer. Materials & Methods: One hundred women with confirmed breast cancer and 100 healthy women were the subject of this study. Subjects were assessed for the gene polymorphism of CYP2D6 *4 by a PCR-RFLP assay at Mashad University of Medical Sciences in 2009. The collected data were analyzed by the SPSS using chi-square test and Fisher exact test. Results: No correlation was found between CYP2D6*4 gene polymorphism and breast cancer (P=0.299). Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that CYP2D6 *4 mutant displays a non-significant increased risk for breast cancer.

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Introduction & Objective: Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) consists of a spectrum of disorders that are characterized by an abnormal proliferation of trophoblastic tissue, following an abnormal fertilization. CCR4 is one chemo-attractant receptors preferentially expressed on Th2 cells, and therefore, is likely to participate in the recruitment of antigen-specific Th2 cells to sites of allergen exposure. Variations in CCR4 have been reported. In this study we intended to investigate the relationship between polymorphism of this particular gene at the site of 1014 C/T and GTD. Materials & Methods: In the present study, the polymorphisms of the CCR4 gene at the sites of 1014 C/T was investigated in 100 patients at in 2010 with proved GTD and 120 age-sex matched healthy individuals. Polymorphysm of CC chemokine 4 were investigated in these two groups by PCR-RFLP.These two groups were compared in respect their genotypes and alleles. Results: Frequency of genotype TT, CT, CC patients were 34%, 62% and 4% while the frequency of the control group, were 46.7%, 35.8% and 17.5% respectively. A significant difference was seen in genotype prevalence of 1014 C/T in ccr4 gene in the two mentioned groups (P<0.05). No statically significant difference was seen in allele 1014 C/T in ccr4 gene in the two mentioned groups (P>0.05(. Conclusion: Regarding the relationship between The C-C chemokine receptor type 4 and gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), it might be possible to use this gene as a prognostic marker in identifying the susceptible patients.

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Background & Aim: Preeclampsia is one of the most important factors in fetal and maternal mortality that seems to change immunological parameters such as rate of auto antibodies and cytokines involved in the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the serum level and frequency of the two polymorphisms in the IL-18 gene promoter in patients with preeclampsia and normal pregnant women. Methods: In the present case-control study conducted at Islamic Azad University of Estahban in 2009-2010, fifty preeclampsia patients and 103 healthy pregnant women were enrolled. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the IL-18 gene at positions -607 (C/A) and -137 (G/C) were analyzed by the Allel specific PCR method. IL-18 serum level was determined, using ELISA method. Data were analyzed with chi-square tests, Mann-Whitney and the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. Results: No significant association was found between the serum level, allele, genotype, and haplotype distributions of the SNPs and preeclampsia (p>0.05). Conclusion: Results of this study showed that IL-18 gene promoter polymorphisms at positions -607 and -137 and serum level did not confer susceptibility to preeclampsia in patients.

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ABSTRACT Background & aim: CCR4 gene polymorphism at position C/T1014 has been associated with changes in mRNA stability and is involved expression of this molecule. The aim of this study was to investigate CCR4 gene polymorphism at position 1014 C/T in breast carcinoma patients in southern Iran. Methods: In this case-control study, 150 women with breast carcinoma and 160 healthy women as controls were included. PCR-RFLP method was used to genotyping of CCR4, receptor gene. The data were analyzed using chi-square and Fisher. Results: Genotype frequencies of CC, CT and TT, in case group were 57.8, 35.1 & 7.1%, where as in control group showed 54.4, 39.4 & 6.2% respectively. In addition, C and T allele of the cases were, 75.3 & 24.7% and in control group 74.1 & 25.9% respectively (p>0.05). Conclusion: CCR4 gene polymorphism has no role in increasing of susceptibility to breast cancer in the south of Iran population. Key words: Polymorphism, CCR4, Breast cancer

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Background & aim: recurrent miscarriage is defined as accruing of at least 3 clinical spontaneous abortions or more. Several factors including genetic and environmental factors are involved in it. Among them, sulftase1 gene rs2623047 has a role in the human embryonic development. The purpose of this study was to evaluate sulftase1 gene rs2623047 polymorphism in women with recurrent abortions referred to the infertility center of Yazd, Iran. Methods: In the present case-control study, sixty-five healthy women were selected as controls and thirty-five women with recurrent miscarriage were included as cases. Blood samples were taken from both groups manually, using a low-salt DNA extraction and amplified fragment polymorphism rs2623047 1 sulfatase gene made by PCR and enzymic digestion conducted using BstNI enzyme. Results were analyzed using the chi-square test. Results: GG genotype in cases were 42±9% and in control group 5/18% respectively (p=0.003). While the AG genotype in the control group was 9.56% and in the cases 1.37% (p=0.003). Conclusions: Genetic variation in sulfatase 1 gene may have a role in embryonic development during pregnancy and larger studies with more samples along with other polymorphisms in this gene may be helpful.

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Background & aim: Cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) plays an important role in inhibition of T cell activation and resulting in prevention of autoimmune disorder such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between AG 49's polymorphisms in exon 1with systemic lupus erythematosus. Methods: The present case-control study was conducted on 180 patients and 304 healthy controls who were matched in age and ethnicity to the similar individual patient. After DNA extraction from blood samples, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to analyze the genotype and allele frequencies of 49AG polymorphism of CTLA-4 gene. The collected Data was analyzed by SPSS software and Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test. Results: The results indicated that AA genotype was found in 67.2% of patients. A significant difference was seen compared to the control group (p = 0.0001). While the AG genotype with a frequency of 49.7% in healthy subjects compared with patients frequency of 27.8% and G allele with a frequency of 9.2% in healthy subjects and 5% in patients were significantly more common (p = 0.0001). Although the A allele in 81.1 % of patients and in 66% of control group were seen but no significant difference observed. Conclusion: The results showed that the AG 49 polymorphism played an important role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus.

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Background & aim: Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies and its early diagnosis can be effective in their treatment. Loss of genomic stability and the resulting gene alterations appears to be a crucial molecular and pathogenic step that occurs early in the gastric carcinogenesis process. X-ray repair cross-complementing gene 1 (XRCC1) is one of the most important DNA repair genes. The XRCC1 protein plays an essential role in base excision repair. Coding polymorphisms of the XRCC1 gene have been shown to affect the DNA repair capacity and to be associated with genetic susceptibility to carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of XRCC1 C26304T gene polymorphism with the risk of gastric cancer. Methods: In the present case-control study, genomic DNA was extracted from 110 cases with gastric cancer and 116 normal subjects as control group. Two groups had similar age, sex and ethnic background. The Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used for detection the genotype and allele frequencies of XRCC1 single nucleotide polymorphism in each subject. Data were analyzed using the MedCalc )V.12.1( software and Chi-square test and P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: C and T allele frequency in patients 0.88, 0.11 and in healthy subjects were 0.94, 0.06 respectively (p>0.05). The C and T allele frequencies in cases were 0.88 and 0.11, respectively and 0.94 and 0.06 in healthy individuals (p>0.05). The distribution of CC, CT and TT genotypes among cancer cases were 78.2%, 20%, 1.8%,and In the control group were 88.8%, 10.3%, and 0.9% respectively. The genotype frequencies were significantly different in the cases and controls. The CT genotype was significantly associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer (p= 0.042). In addition, the distribution of the CT+TT genotype was different between case and control subjects (p= 0.033). Conclusions: Results revealed that the Screening of XRCC1 gene polymorphism could be a marker in personal sensitivity to gastric cancer and useful in cancer treatment and prevention process. Confirmation of this finding needs to be repeated with similar studies in larger population.

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Background & aim: Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC) is a common disease affecting more than 75% of all women at least once in their lifetime. Various factors, including genetic and immunology factors, plays an important role in this disease. IL-18 is an important cytokine in immune system and has several polymorphisms in the promoter region. This study attempted to evaluate associations between IL-18 gene polymorphisms in patients with acute Vulvovaginal Candidiasis.

Methods: In the present case-control study, a total of 100 women with Vulvovaginal Candidiasis and 100 healthy women in Iran were examined. DNA was extracted by saluting out method and Single nucleotide Polymorphisms of the IL-18 gene at positions -607 (C/A) and -137 (G/C) were analyzed by the Allele-specific PCR method and data were compared in both groups by using Pearson’s chi-square test and to investigate that the genotypes study in the position followed the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, was assessed by the Arlequin 3.1.

Results: The results of this study showed that the frequency of genotypes of polymorphic position -607 C / A IL-18 genes were not significantly different in patients with vaginal Candidiasis and the control group P> 0.05. On the other hand, in patients ,there was  an association  with a significant increase in the C allele and CC genotype, of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at position-137G/C in the IL-18 gene promoter and Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ( P< 0.05 ) .

Conclusion: Due to the fact that an increase in the expression of CC genotype and allele C, can lead to reduction of Interleukin-18 gene promoter activity and according to the impact of that activity of this cytokine can lead to Th1 system, it seems that the promoter activity of this gene may lead to reduced activity of the immune system and as a result be prone to vaginal Candidiasis

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Aims and objectives: The environmental procarcinogen hypothesis of tumour pathogenesis proposes that many carcinogens require metabolic activation by drug metabolizing enzymes to form the proximate carcinogen. CYP3A enzyme catalyzes the conversion of numerous numbers of xenobiotics including carcinogens and drugs and it is involved in metabolic pathways of activation of procarcinogens and/or inactivation of carcinogens during the tumorigenic processes. CYP3A5 is expressed polymorphically in human liver, but consistently in lung, colon, and kidney. An allelic variant of A to G (A6986G) transition causes CYP3A5*3 variant and this polymorphic expression confers low CYP3A5 protein expression as a result of improper mRNA splicing and reduced translation of a functional protein. The purpose of this study was to analysis the frequency of mutations in CYP3A5 gene and to determine the role of its polymorphisms in bladder cancer patients. Methods: For this purpose, PCR-RFLP analysis of the gene was on 113 bladder cancer patients and same number of age-matched controls admitted to Hashemi Nezhad Hospital was performed. Then the data was analyzed using the computer software SPSS for windows (version 19). Results: The incidence of CYP3A5*3 allele was more in patients and control group compared with the wild type (CYP3A5*1). It was 79.6% and 75.2% in patients and controls respectively which indicated that the mutant allele of CYP3A5*3 was more in the studied population with an OR of 1.837 (95% CI=0.975-3.460, P= 0.62). Also there was found that the frequency of both alleles were high in female compared with male. Conclusions: There was no significant association between the risk of bladder cancer for individuals carrying the CYP3A5*3 genotype.

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Background & Aim: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women . Studies have shown that increased in methylation of CpG islands (CpG island hyper methylation, CIHM), is one of the important mechanisms in gene down regulation. DAP-Kinase protein plays an important role in the process of Apoptosis. Interleukin-17 is an proinflammatory cytokine and inflammation,is one of the factors  that affect on gene methylation . the purpose of this study was to evaluate the polymorphism of the IL-17 gene promoter methylation Dap-kinase and its relationship to breast cancer.

Methods: In this case - control study, A total of 40 Women with Breast cancer and 40 healthy women in Iran were examined.DNA was extracted by saluting out method and Single nucleotide Polymorphisms of the IL-17 gene were analyzed by the PCR-RFLP method and To study gene promoter methylation Dap-kinase, MSPCR method was used.data were compared in both groups by using Pearson’s chi-square and Hardy-weinberg equilibrium test.

RESULTS: Results confirm the fact that, there is a relationship between DAP-kinase gene promoter methylation and breast cancer disease So that the promoter of this gene in patients than in healthy individuals was much more methylated( p<0.05) . On the other hand there is no significant coloration between IL-17 gene polymorphisms and DAP-kinase gene methylation (P>0.05)

Conclusion: Due to the fact, that promoter genes methylation is one of the mechanisms of epigenetic genes silencing, it seems that DAP-kinase gene promoter methylation increases is associated with the risk of breast cancer in women.

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Aims and objectives: Prostate cancer is a complicated disease that genetics and environmental factors may be playing a promoting role in its progression. Polymorphism of genes such as steroid hormone receptors are having very important role in developing this disease. One such gene, CYP17 is playing role in hydroxylation and SRD5A2 gene, the predominant 5&alpha-reductase isozyme in prostate, catalyzes the conversion of testosterone into the more potent androgen, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which is required for the normal growth and development of the prostate gland. The purpose of this study was to investigate association of CYP17 and SRD5A2 genes polymorphisms with prostate cancer risk. Materials and methods: PCR-RFLP analysis of CYP17 and SRD5A2 genes were performed on 100 prostate cancer patients admitted to the Department of Urology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Science and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India, and 150 patients from Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran, compared with equal number of matching controls for each group visiting same centers for other reason. The data was analyzed using the computer software SPSS for windows (version 19), using logistic regression. Results: In this case-control study, there was a significant increase with risk of prostate cancer association for individuals carrying one copy of CYP17 A2 allele in Iranian (OR= 2.10 95% CI, 1.03-4.27 P=0.041) and Indian populations (OR= 2.16 95% CI, 1.08-4.33 P=0.029). While the risk was decreased in individuals having two A2 alleles in both groups. Compared with men having the VV genotype of SRD5A2 gene, there was no significant association between the VL genotype and the risk of prostate cancer among Iranian (OR, 0.87 95% CI, 0.49 -1.56 P=0.661) and Indian (OR, 0.99 95% CI, 0.54 -1.81 P=0.989) patients. Also there was no difference in the occurrence of the genotype LL between prostate cancer patients and control groups in both studied populations therefore, there was no association between this genotype and prostate cancer risk. Conclusion: It seems to be an association between A2A2 genotype of CYP17 gene with the risk of prostate cancer but no association was found with any alleles of SRD5A2 gene with this risk.

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Background & aim: CYP2D6 enzyme is one of the most important members of the cytochrome P450 superfamily which play an important role in the metabolism of many drugs. The CYP2D6 gene presents a high allele heterogeneity that significantly stimulated many changes between individuals in a population, so that classified into extensive, intermediate, or poor drug metabolizers. The CYP2D6*4 allele is the most common polymorphic allele of CYP2D6 gene which due to a nucleotide change of G→A )G1934→A(, resulting in a reduced or lack of activity of CYP iso-enzyme. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of CYP2D6*4 allele among patient and control groups and to find out the relationship of this polymorphism with the risk of ovarian cancer patients in Tehran.

Methods: In the present case-control study, samples were collected in tubes containing EDTA. DNA is extracted from cancer tissue and blood controls group were performed. The frequency of CYP2D6*4 allele was determined among 120 patients who were admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital by PCR-RFLP method and then compared with 125 normal controls who visited the same center. The collected data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis.

Results: The results show that the prevalence of patients group with poor metabolism of drugs (PM) 13.3%, heterozygotes extensive metabolizer (HEM) 23.3% and extensive metabolizer (EM) was 63.3% respectively. The results indicated no significant association was seen between HEM and ovarian cancer risk (OR=1.27; CI 95% ; 2.85-0.56; P=0.55). Also no association was observed between PM and risk of this disease among the studied population (OR=0.75; CI 95%; 1.38-0.41; P= 0.36).

Conclusion: There was no meaningful association between CYP2D6*4 allele which results in variations of G1934→A genetic polymorphism and ovarian cancer has been observed in the study population.

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Background and Aim: Adiponectin is the most abundant peptide extracted from adipose tissue, which plays an important role in development of obesity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of single-nucleotide polymorphism rs2241766 (+45T>G) with biochemical and anthropometric parameters in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver.
 
Methods: The present case-control study was performed on 80 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver and 80 healthy peoples as control (77 men and 83 women). Triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL levels and adiponectin levels were measured by standard methods using Pars Azmoon kit and ELISA kit respectively. Genotyping was also performed by PCR-RFLP method. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests.
 
Results: Frequency of TG genotype was higher in patients (52.4%) and frequency of TT genotype in healthy people (52.7%), but regression analysis showed that rs2241766 polymorphism genotypes did not play a role in fatty liver disease (p<0.05). The present study showed that none of the variables in the carriers of TT, TG, and GG genotypes was significantly different in the healthy group (p<0.05), however, in the patients, the level of cholesterol in the genotypes was significantly different (p=0.02).
 
Conclusion: The results indicated that although the frequency of GT genotype and G allele in non-alcoholic fatty liver were more common. No significant relationship was seen between rs2241766 polymorphism in adiponectin genemm, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and adiponectin levels.
 
 
 

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Abstract                                             
Background & aim: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an immune system-dependent disease with unknown causes and is one of the most important neurological disabling diseases in adults, where the myelin section of the nervous system is destroyed. The link between MS and apoptosis in patients shows that the expression of many genes involved in inhibiting the immune cell apoptosis, such as Survivin gene, which causes more activity in these cells and increases the cerebrospinal fluid damage, has increased. The aim of the present study was to investigate of Polymorphism-31 G/C in the Survivin gene promoter in patients with MS disease and to compare with healthy people and its association with the disease.
 
Methods: In the present case-control study, 100 Blood samples of patients with MS and 100 Blood samples of healthy controls (control) were taken under the direct supervision of a physician and according to clinical signs and laboratory findings, were investigated in a Survivin gene promoter for the polymorphism of G / C31 in a promoter of Survivin gene. In the next step, blood sampling was carried out. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples. The PCR method was used to amplify the Survivin gene and PCR RFLP polymorphism was investigated using the EcoO109I digestion enzyme. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software and statistical tests
 
Results: The amplification of Survivin gene with a length of 308 base pairs was observed on the agarose gel. The EcoO109I restriction enzyme produced bands with lengths of 210 and 98 base pairs. A band of 308 base pairs, representing the genotype GG, lengths 210 and 98 base pairs, representing the genotype CC and all three lengths together, represent the GC genotype. After data analysis and validation, genotypic correlation of Polymorphism-31 G/C with the risk of MS disease, in CG genotype was P(0.330), OR(1.397) and CI (0.714-2.735) and also for CC genotype, it was P(0.532), OR(0.800) and CI(0.397-1.612).
 
Conclusion: In general, Survivin gene could be used for biomarker and polymorphism tests in MS and other diseases and by studying in larger populations and determining the frequency of alleles and genotypes, it is possible to better determine the role of this gene in future research is a good way to prevent the disease.
 
Multiple Sclerosis, Polymorphism-31 G/C, Survivin gene, PCR RFLP.
           

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Background & aim: Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Genetic background has been identified as one of the risk factors for gastric cancer. One of the genes that have been proven to play a role in various cancers, including gastric cancer, is the MCC gene. There are hundreds of SNPs in the coding and regulatory region of the MCC gene, one of which is rs9122, which is located at the junction of several microRNAs. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between MCC gene rs9122 polymorphism and gastric cancer risk.
 
Methods: In this case-control study, blood or DNA samples were collected from 214 gastric cancer patients diagnosed by a gastroenterologist and endoscopic test, and 211 healthy control individuals, from the Biobank of Shiraz Cancer Research Center, with no gastrointestinal disease, based on a gastroenterologist and the endoscopy results. Also in control group, Helicobacter pylori infection test was negative and this group was matched for gender, age and geographical area with patients. After extracting genomic DNA from blood samples, MCC rs9122 polymorphism genotype was determined using RFLP PCR- (MluI enzyme) technique. The association of this polymorphism with gastric cancer susceptibility was evaluated using SPSS software and logistic regression test.
 
Results: The results indicated that the frequency of A allele and G allele in control group were 48.1 and 51.9% and the frequency of AA, AG and GG genotypes in this group were 27, 42.2 and 30.8 respectively. In the patient group, the frequency of A and G alleles were 40.7 and 59.3, and the frequencies of AA, AG and GG were 23.4%, 34.6% and 42%, respectively. The GG genotype also borderline increased the risk of gastric cancer (p=0.071, OR= 1.557, 95% CI=0.961-2599) and G allele as a risk allele, susceptibility to Increases gastric cancer (p=0.029, OR=1.353, 95% CI = 1.031-1.775). In addition, the GG genotype increased the risk of gastric cancer compared with the total AA + AG genotypes (OR = 1.630, p = 0.016, 95% 1.94-0.242 / 429 CI), whereas total AG + GG genotypes were not associated with risk of gastric cancer (p = 0.386).
 
Conclusion: MCS rs9122 polymorphism seems to be associated with gastric cancer risk, so that the G allele and GG genotype at this locus increase the risk of gastric cancer. Confirming these findings in larger populations, geographically and ethnically diverse, can be used to screen for gastric cancer.

 

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Background & aim: Preeclampsia is the most common and at the same time the most unknown pregnancy-related disease, is the leading cause of death in pregnant women worldwide. Increased systemic inflammatory factors as a result of decreased serum levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines during pregnancy have caused inflammation to play a key role in preeclampsia. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between interleukin 19 gene polymorphism and the incidence of preeclampsia in pregnant women.
 
Methods: The present descriptive-analytical case-control study was conducted in 2017 at the Islamic Azad University, Kazerun Branch. The statistical population of the study included 300 women referred to Valiasr Hospital of Kazerun, which were devided into two groups: 150 women with preeclampsia were selected as the case and 150 healthy pregnant women were selected as the control. After sampling and DNA extraction, the rs2243191T/C polymorphism was examined by ARMS-PCR method. The collected data were analyzed using chi-square and t-test.
 
Results: a significant difference was seen in the frequency of CC, CT and TT genotypes (p = 0.05) in the rs2243191T / C polymorphism position of IL-19 gene encoding among pregnant women with Preeclampsia and pregnant women are healthy. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the frequency of C and T alleles (p = 0.208). Apart from seizure parameter (p = 0.003) and patient age (p = 0.015) for other factors measured such as protein excretion in urine, patient inflammation, blood pressure, hypothyroidism, diabetes, history of abortion, History of previous infection, multiplication, primiparous and multiplicity No significant differences were observed between the patient and control groups.
 
Conclusion: Due to the significant association between rs2243191T/C polymorphism and the occurrence of preeclampsia, the presence of this polymorphism can be considered as a predictor of preeclampsia.
 
 

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Background & aim: Vaginal candidiasis infection is the second most common disease after bacterial vaginitis, affecting about 75% of women at least once in their lifetime. 85 to 90% of these infections are caused by Candida albicans species. Various factors, including genetic and immunology factors, play an important role in the development of this disease . Interleukin 19 is one of the important cytokines in the immune system and has several polymorphisms in the promoter region. The aim of the present study was to determine the association between IL-19 gene polymorphisms (rs2243191 and rs1028181) and recurrent candidiasis vulvovaginitis.
 Methods: The present case-control study was performed on 100 patients with recurrent vaginal candidiasis and 110 healthy individuals during 2016-2019. Five mL venous blood was taken from each participant and transferred to a tube containing EDTA anticoagulant. Genomic DNA was isolated using a special kit; the PCR chain reaction was performed by ARMS method and data were analysed in patients and control subjects using Chi square test and SPSS software.
 
Results: The results of the present study revealed that no significant difference was seen in frequency of GG, AG and AA genotypes in the position of both rs2243191 and rs1028181 IL-19 gene in both patients and the control group (P> 0.05). Also, no significant difference was observed in frequency of both A and G alleles in the mentioned positions between patients and the control group (P> 0.05).
Conclusion: No significant association between IL-19 gene polymorphism at positions (rs2243191 T / C and rs1028181-513T / C) and recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis was observed.

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Background & aim: Recurrent pregnancy loss is defined as loosing at least 2 pregnancies before 20^th weeks of gestation. Besides all the known causative factors, in about half of the cases, the causing factor, remains unknown. In recent years, some studies have shown the role of candidate genes polymorphisms in RPL. CDH1 is one of these candidate genes that plays critical role in embryo implantation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relation between rs16260 of this gene with RPL.
 
Methods: In the present case-control study that was conducted between 2018-2019, 120 women suffering from recurrent unexplained miscarriage and 120 women with no history of infertility and miscarriage and having at least one healthy child who were referred by a gynecologist to a private medical genetics laboratory in were referred to Tabriz, were included in the study as patient and control groups. The studied polymorphism was checked by ARMS-PCR method and the results were analyzed using the chi-square test using SPSS version 26 software. (P˂0.05)
 
Results: The frequencies of AA, AC and CC genotypes in the case group were 4(3.3%), 36(23.3%) and 76(73.4%) and in the control group were 8(6.7%), 28(30%) and 88(63.3%) respectively. P-Value=0.201
 
Conclusion: Based on the analyzes performed in the multiplicative and additive models, there was no significant relationship between the presence of polymorphism and recurrent miscarriage.