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Abstract
Background and aim: Recent research has suggested that exercise training is potential to influence the process of programmed cell death. However, little is known about the effect of high intensity endurance exercise on apoptotic factors. Therefore, in the present study the effect of high intensity endurance training on p53 and cytochrome-c gene expression in male rats' Soleus muscle was investigated.
 
Methods: In this experimental study sixteen 3-month-old male rats were randomly divided into two groups of endurance training (n=8) and control (n=8). Exercise program included three months endurance training at the intensity of 75-80% of VO_2max with the frequency of 5 days per week. Forty-eight hours following the last training session, the soleus muscle of the animals were extracted and p53 and cytochrome-c gene expression were assessed using Real Time-PCR method. Data were analyzed by independent t-test at the significance level of P<0.05.
 
Results: No significant difference was seen between the experimental and control groups regarding p53 gene expression (P=0.67). However, cytochrome-c gene expression was significantly lower in the experimental group than the control group (P=0.001).
 
Conclusion: High intensity endurance training decreased cytochrome-c gene expression which is likely mediated by improved mitochondrial membrane stability and decreased permeability.  It may influence the process of apoptosis in soleus muscle. However, it needs to be examined and validated in future studies.
 
 

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Abstract
Background & aim:  Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers in different parts of the world. Nowadays, nanoparticles, as an anticancer agent, have been considered in research on cancer treatment. Since the P53 gene has been identified as a tumor suppressor gene in many cancers, the aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of P53 gene on AGS gastric cancer cells after the effects of palladium nanoparticles.
 
Methods: The present experimental study was conducted from April to September 2011 in Varamin Islamic Azad University. In this study, AGS and normal HEK293 cancer cells were treated for 48 hours at different concentrations of palladium (5700.570, 57.5, μg / ml) nanoparticles. The effect of nanoparticles on cell survival was measured by MTT method. Extracting RNA and synthesizing of cDNA was determined. Finally, expression of P53 gene was evaluated using Real Time PCR. The collected data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA.
 
Results: The results of cell toxicity indicated that in high concentrations of palladium nanoparticles, cell proliferation significantly lead to cell death  compared to the control group (P = 0.002). The results of the Real Time PCR test disclosed that P53 gene expression was not significantly increased in comparison with the reference gene during 48 hours (P = 0.09).
 
Conclusion: Palladium nanoparticles presented an ability to destroy the AGS cancer cell line compared to the normal HEK293 class, but this was not due to the increased expression of the P53 gene. More studies are desirable to determine the type of cell death caused by the toxicity of palladium nanoparticles.