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Introduction & Objective: Organic solvents have a broad range of application in industry. Hepatotoxicity of different organic halogenated solvents like carbon tetrachloride has been verified in numerous studies however, studies investigating the association between the occupational exposure with aromatic organic solvents like benzene, toluene & xylene and hepatic toxicity are limited. The goal of this study was to review the long term effects of exposure with mixture of aromatic organic solvents, in higher amounts of permissible level, on hepatic system. Materials & methods: This is a cross sectional study which was conducted in an automobile plant. Workers employed in the painting saloon were considered as cases and workers in assembly as controls. A questionnaire, containing demographic data like age and years of employment, was completed for each of 349 workers. After considering exclusion criteria, liver enzyme level (AST, ALT & ALP) of 163 case workers was compared with 186 controls. Concentration of mixture of organic solvents in painting saloon was twice and a half as much of the permissible level. The collected data was analyzed by the SPSS software, using T score, K2 and Linear Regression. Results: The Mean level of ALP in case group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.001). For AST and ALT the mean was higher in the case group but this difference was not statistically significant. Increase in ALP level had a significant association with BMI (P<0.001) and smoking (P=0.007) yet, no significant relation was seen with age and years of employment. Conclusion: Our study suggested that exposure with mixture of aromatic organic solvents, in higher amounts of permissible level, can cause mild functional liver damage (cholestatic type). So, it is recommended to use liver function tests, especially ALP, for screening of workers exposed to mixture of aromatic organic solvents, for preliminary detection of hepatic dysfunction.

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Abstract Background & aim: Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from perturbation in insulin secretion, action or both. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of methanol extract of Teucrium orientale on blood glucose and liver damage markers in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Methods: In this experimental research 32 male albino Wistar rats, with body weights of 200 – 240 g were randomly allocated into four groups with 8 rats per each. Control group (normal rats), diabetic rats (received STZ in single dose 60 mg/kg bw, intraperitoneal way and without receive extract), treated normal rats (received T. orientale 200 mg/kg bw, oral gavage) diabetic treated rats (received STZ in single dose 60 mg/kg bw, intraperitoneal way and received T. orientale 200 mg/kg bw, oral gavage). Afterwards 21 days, blood glucose, malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver and the activity of the liver enzymes (ALT ،AST،ALP( were evaluated. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software via the one-way ANOVA. Resulths: This study demonstrated that sSerum levels of glucose in T. orientale treated diabetic group (222 ± 9.8) were significantly lowerdecreased than in comparison with diabetic ratsgroup (572 ± 8) (P < 0.01).The MDA level in T. orientale treated diabetic group (1.01 ± 0.04) were significantly decreased in comparison with diabetic rats (1.25± 0.54) (P < 0.05). The ALT, AST and ALP levels in T. orientale treated diabetic group were also significantly decreased compared with diabetic rats (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Methanol extract of T. orientale had antidiabetic effects and consequently might alleviate the liver damage caused by streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. Keywords: Diabetes, Teucrium orientale, ALT, AST, ALPLiver enzymes, streptozotocin

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Background & aim: Physical training accompanied with herbal supplement consumption is one of the proposed methods for controlling obesity and its complications, such as diabetes, insulin resistance and inflammation of the liver. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 10 weeks of aerobic exercise and supplementation of green tea on lipid profile, insulin resistance and liver enzymes (GGT, ALT, AST) in obese diabetic women (type 2). Materials and Methods: A total of 46 diabetic obese women aged between 45 - 60 were randomly divided into four groups of green tea, aerobic exercises with green tea, aerobic training (12), and placebo group (10 people) respectively. Groups of participants supplement were given a capsule of 1500mg green tea extract daily for 10 weeks. The exercises were followed three sessions a week in a ten week period. Results: At the end of week 10, in the supplements group, exercise plus supplementation and exercise the levels of fasting blood sugar, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein were reduced, but this reduction was not significant (p>0.05). However, green tea and exercise was significantly increased the low-density lipoprotein (P≤ 0.05). A significant reduction was seen on the Low-density lipoprotein, HOMA, insulin and weight (P≤ 0.05). Exercise and supplementation significantly decreased the serum levels of liver enzymes in the experimental group (P≤ 0.05). Conclusions: Green tea supplements with aerobic training were effective in controlling obesity and type 2 diabetes. By increasing the duration of the exercise and supplementation, it may find desirable results on serum cholesterol and triglycerides.

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ABSTRACT

 

Background & aim: Some  natural  and synthetic compounds have antioxidant properties which protect the liver tissue against  toxins  such as lead. they also plays an important role in reducing the harmful effects of heavy metals and pesticides. The aim of this experimental study is to investigate the protective effects of Tragopogon pratensis leaves extract (TPE) in male rats. 

Methods: In this study 36 male Wistar rats weighing 220±250g  were randomly divided into six groups: control group, toxicant group received 0.5g/L lead acetate in tap water, treatment groups (1,2 and 3: received 0.5gr/L lead acetate in tap water and 200,400,800 mg/kg TPE ) respectively. positive control received 400mg/kg TPE gavaged . At the end of examination the blood samples were collected and liver enzymes, total protein, albumin, MDA, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin were analyzed. The data were analyzed by SPSS software and one-way ANOVA and Tukey´s test.

 

Results: Serum levels of liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP) increased significantly in the acetate group compared with the control group (P<0.001).The serum levels of albumin and total proteins were reduced and MDA was increased significantly compared with control group (P<0.001). The serum levels of liver enzymes were reduced significantly in treatment groups compared with toxicant group (P≤0.001).

Conclusion: The effective ingredients in Tragopogon pratensis extract  are probably due to the presence of antioxidant compounds reduce the production of released radicals which can stabilize the membrane of the hepatocyte membrane and reduce the release of liver enzymes in the blood.

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Background & aim: The prevalence of obesity and the socio-economic consequences of it are effective in increasing mortality and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an aerobic exercise on the amount of epicedial adipose tissue, insulin resistance and some liver enzymes in the fattened vestibular rats with a high-fat diet.
 
Methods: In the present experimental study conducted in 2018 in Yasuj, 32 Vistar male rats with a mean weight of 200-180 g and 6 weeks of age were randomly divided into 4 equal groups, including: normal nutrition, fattening with a high-fat diet, and then normal nutrition. Obesity with high-fat diet and aerobic exercise and normal nutrition after obesity were divided with high-fat diet. Sampling was performed in the obese group with a high-fat diet after obesity and in other groups 48 hours after eight weeks of aerobic exercise (four sessions per week with 60% of maximum training capacity). Lee index, relative amounts of epicardial adipose tissue, insulin, insulin resistance, fasting blood sugar, pericardial lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol and triglycerides, total lymphocytic acid differentiation, and differential enzymaphenazine aminophenazine alphanazinase and liver aspartate aspartate aminotropin. The data collected were analyzed using statistical tests of one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's follow-up test.
 
Results: The results indicated that a high-fat diet significantly increased the Lee index, relative amounts of epicardial adipose tissue, fasting blood sugar, insulin resistance, blood lipid profile and liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase reduction and allanine amino acids. The significance of flagella lipoprotein was normal compared to the feed group (P ≥ 0.001). Eight weeks of aerobic exercise also significantly improved the values ​​of Lee index (18.34%), relative values ​​of epicedial adipose tissue (76.9%), insulin (4.01%), insulin resistance (37.48%). Fasting blood sugar (32.38%), high-density lipoprotein (23.65%), low-density lipoprotein (41.37%), cholesterol (24.68%) and total triglycerides (49.55%) as well as liver enzymes Aspartate amino transferees (45.9%), alanine amino transferase (44.34%) and alkaline phosphatase (11.5%) were based on values ​​(P≥ 0.001).
 
Conclusion: Aerobic exercise reduced the amount of epicedial adipose tissue, body fat mass index, insulin resistance, fatty liver index and cardiovascular risk factors for obesity. Therefore, aerobic exercise can be considered as one of the ways to change the hepatic metabolism and the health of the cardiovascular system in the treatment of related metabolic and cardiovascular diseases caused by immobility and obesity.
 
 
 

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Background & aim: Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an immunosuppressive medication which is primarily used to manage and treatt of neoplasms, including breast cancer, lymphoma and Leukemia. CP as well possesses many side effects, including hepatotoxicity which leads to mitochondrial oxidative stress, cell death and hepatic necrosis. Empagliflozin (EMPA) is a Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor used to treat diabetes and has antioxidant activity. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of Empagliflozin on hepatotoxicity induced by cyclophosphamide in male rats.

Methods: The present experimental study was conducted at the School of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences in 2023. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control group, CP group, EMPA+CP group and CP+EMPA group. All groups were treated for 11 days. Moreover, blood samples were obtained and the liver was removed. Plasma levels of ALT, AST and ALP were measured. Homogenized liver tissue was used to measure malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric Oxide (NO). Liver histology was also performed. The results were analyzed by one- way ANOVA and Tukey's Post Hoc test.

Results: The results indicated that cyclophosphamide triggered a significant increase in the plasma level of AST, ALT enzymes and the level of NO and MDA metabolites in the liver tissue (p<0.001) and increased inflammation, edema, congestion and tissue necrosis compared to the control group. The administration of Empagliflozin led to a decrease in plasma levels of AST and ALT enzymes and tissue levels of NO and MDA and decreased tissue changes compared to the cyclophosphamide group. Furthermore, Empagliflozin reduced histological changes both as prevention and as treatment.

Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, Empagliflozin can reduce the hepatotoxicity of cyclophosphamide probably with reduction of oxidative stress.