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ABSTRACT Introduction & Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome, initially characterized by a loss of glucose homeostasis resulting from defects in Insulin secretion, insulin action both is resulting in impaired metabolism of glucose and other energy yielding fuels as lipids and protein. Several medicinal herbs have been described with hypoglycemic effects. These include: Allium Sativum, Trigonella Foenum, Marus nigra, Ocimum Sanctum, and Astragalus Ovinus. The main purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of Achillea Wilhelmsii C. Koch on blood glucose levels of diabetic rats induced by stereptozotocine (STZ). Materials & Methods: In this experimental research, forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: non-diabetic (normal) and STZ-induced diabetic mice. Each group was further divided into four groups: control (induced by normal saline) and treatment received 100, 200.and 300 mg/kg aqueous- alcoholic extract of Achillea Wilhelmsii C. Koch daily for one month. The blood glucose level was measured and Data were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA. Results: At the end of first month, significant decrease was observed in blood glucose level in diabetic rats which received 100 mg/kg (p<0/001), 200mg/kg(p<0/01), 300mg/kg (p<0/001) of aqueous alcoholic extract of Achillea Wilhelmsii C. Koch in comparison with control groups. The extract had not have any significant effects on the blood glucose level of normal groups except in those which received 300mg/kg of the extract. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that aqueous- alcoholic extract of Achillea Wilhelmsii C. Koch have a significant effect on reducing the blood glucose level of diabetic rats.

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Introduction & Objective: Diabetes, i.e. lack of proper control of blood sugar, may cause serious complications in patients. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of electrical muscle stimulation on glucose control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials & Methods: This clinical-trial study was conducted in 2009, in Shiraz, Iran. Forty nine diabetes mellitus patients, Type 2, participated in this study. In 28 cases, dietary and exercise modifications were recommended and electrical muscle stimulation was carried out. For the other 21 cases, only dietary and exercise modifications were recommended. Laboratory tests, including fasting blood sugar (FBS) and glucose tolerance test (GTT), was performed before the study and 6 weeks afterward. The results were analyzed by SPSS version 15.5 software and using t-test. Results: The mean of FBS in the case group before EMS was 156 mg/dl and 6 weeks later changed to 123 mg/dl (p < 0.05), while in the control group these indices were 158 mg/dl and 154 mg/dl respectively. The mean of GTT in patients before EMS was 193 mg/dl and 6 weeks later became 150 mg/dl (p < 0.05), whereas in the control group these figures were 204 mg/dl and 201 mg/dl respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed that the use of electrical muscle stimulation can be effective on glucose control in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Introduction & Objective: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine disorders in the world which affects glucose metabolism in the body. Diabetes mellitus is due to lack of insulin secretion and/or failure in insulin action. Researches conducted in the last few decades on plants have reported anti-diabetic properties for some herbs and their traditional use for diabetes treatment. Capparis spinosa is one of these herbs which are used as an anti-diabetic treatment in tribal medicine. The objective of the present study was to examine the anti-diabetic effects of Capparis spinosa on blood glucose and serum lipids in streptozotocin induced diabetes in male rats. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study conducted at Yasouj University of Medical Sciences in 2010, five groups of animals were selected. Three groups out of five were administered with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to become diabetic. Group I were fed normal diet. Group II of animals received 20 mg/kg/day Capparis spinosa extract. Group III received no treatment (diabetic control) and animals of groups IV and V were treated with capparis spinosa fruit extract 20 and 30 mg/kg body weight respectively for three weeks. Blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and body weight were measured in all animals. The collected data was analyzed by the SPSS software using one-way ANOVA. Results: Treatment with the 30 mg/kg/body weight of capparis spinosa fruit extract showed a significant decrease in blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL, and a significant increase in HDL level. In addition, administration of 20 mg/kg/body weight of capparis spinosa extract decreased blood glucose and lipid levels in diabetic rats. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the oral administration of capparis spinosa extract at the dose of 30 mg/kg/body weight has glucose and lipids lowering activity in diabetic rats.

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Abstract Background & aim: According to the proven effectiveness of saffron resistance and physical activity on diabetes, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of glycemic indexes of saffron combined with resistance training on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Methods: The present experimental study was conducted on 36 adult male rats. After induction of diabetes, the rats were randomly divided into four equal groups, resistance exercise (five days a week, for six days) and saffron extract (25 mg/L daily), resistance exercise combined with saffron extract and control groups. After a period of six weeks, glycemic indexes were measured. The gathered data were analyzed by klomogrov – Smirnov, one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests. Results: The results showed that fasting glucose in saffron aqua extract combined with resistance training group was significantly lower than both control and the RT groups ( p=0,014). Glycosylated hemoglobin group of saffron combined with resistance training was lower than the control group (p=0.011). Insulin resistance combined with resistance training in saffron aqua extract was lower than the control group (p=0.011). Conclusion: Six weeks of resistance training and consumption of saffron alone had a significant effect on glycemic indexes. However, saffron supplements with resistance training had a greater effect on control of fasting blood glucose. Key words: resistance training, saffron, glucose, HbA1C, insulin resistance, diabetes

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Background & aim: It’s very important to decrease the glucose level and lipid’s serum in diabetes patients by using medicinal plants. In the present study, the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Calendula officinalis on blood glucose, LDL, HDL and total cholesterol in diabetic rats was examined. Methods: In this experimental study, thirty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control, diabetic and diabetic treated with hydroalcoholic extract of Calendula officinalis (100, 150 and 250 mg/kg) groups. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin. Injections were intraperitoneally (I.P). After thirty days, the blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL was measured and the data were analyzed with One-way ANOVA. Results: The results showed that blood sugar(glucose) significantly reduced in treated diabetic groups with extract as compared to untreated diabetic group (150 & 250 mg/kg) (p<0.05).. Also LDL and Total cholesterol in the group treated with the extract decreased significantly compared to the diabetic control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study indicated that the hydroalcoholic extract of Calendula officinalis had a hypoglycemic effect and led to appropriate changes on blood lipid profiles levels in diabetic rats.

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Background & aim: The decrease of serum glucose level and lipids in diabetic patients is clinically significant. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Commiphora mukul extract on blood sugar and lipid profile in diabetic rats. Methods: In the present experimental study, thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, control treated with the extract, diabetic and diabetic treated with the extract. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin. In an eight week period, the control group of normal saline and the control group and diabetic recipient extract of CM oleo gum blue resin was given by gavage. Treatment resumed eight weeks with onset of hyperglycemia. The control and diabetic control groups received normal saline orally. Extract treated control and extract treated diabetic groups received extract of Commiphora mukul gum (300 mg/kg P.O.) daily by gavage. At the end of this period, blood samples were collected from each rat and biochemical tests for investigation of glucose level and lipid profile was performed. One- way analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical test and Post-hoc test Tukey’s were used for data analysis Results: The study indicated that diabetes increases the serum levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and HDL. Administration of Commiphora mukul gum extract in diabetic groups significantly decreased the serum level of glucose, cholesterol(p<0.01) and triglyceride and LDL(p<0.001) and increased HDL(p<0.01). Conclusion: Commiphora mukul gum extract may well improve undesirable effects of diabetes on serum level of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL.

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Background & aim: Exercise is an important component of health and an integral approach to the management of diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of intense interval training and concurrent resistance- endurance training on fasting sugar, insulin and insulin resistance in women with mellitus diabetes.

 

Methods: Fifty-two overweight female diabetic type 2 patients (aged 45-60 years old with fasting blood glucose≥ 126 mg/dl) were selected to participate in the present study. Participants were assigned to intense interval training group (N=17), concurrent resistance- endurance training group (N=17) and control group (N=18). The exercises incorporated 10 weeks of concurrent resistance- endurance training and intense interval training. Fasting blood sugar, serum insulin concentrations levels were measured. Concurrent training group trained eight weeks, three times a week of endurance training at 60% of maximum heart rate (MHR) and two resistance training sessions per week with 70% of one repetition maximum (1-RM). Intense interval training group trained for eight weeks, three sessions per week for 4 to 10 repeats Wingate test on the ergometer 30s performed with maximum effort. The control group did no systematic exercise. At the end of experiment 42 subjects were succeed and completed the study period, and 10 subjects were removed due to illness and absence in the exercise sessions. Fasting blood sugar and insulin levels 24 hours before and 48 hours after the last training session was measured.

 

Results: The findings indicated that in periodic fasting, the blood sugar in intensive training group had a marked decrease (p= 0.000) however, the fasting blood sugar of exercise and power stamina groups reduced significantly (p=0.062). The results showed no significant difference between the groups (171/0 p =0.171). Fasting insulin (p <0.001) and insulin resistance (0001/0 = p=0.001) in periodic intensive training group were significantly reduced after the exercise program. The results between groups indicated a marked difference in fasting insulin (p=0.036) and insulin resistance (p=0.008) respectively.

 

Conclusions: Concurrent resistance- endurance training and the intensive training could have a positive effects on blood sugar levels, insulin and insulin resistance of women with diabetes mellitus.

 

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Background and aim:  Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common endocrine disorder that is associated with lipid disorders and obesity with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to determine the association between lipid profile and fasting blood sugar levels and insulin resistance among women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Methods: The present case-control study was conducted on 153 women with PCOS and 449 healthy women as controls. Data was extracted from data center of Diabetes Research Center of Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences including women from 4 cities of Khuzestan province (Ahwaz, Behbahan, Abadan, and Khorramshahr). Serum lipids, fasting blood sugar, and serum insulin levels along with Body Mass Index (BMI), Homeostatic Model Assessment Insulin Resistance (HOMA IR), Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP), and Body Adiposity Index in two groups were analyzed by independent t-tests, chi-square and Fisher exact test.

Results:  The frequency of low HDL and high total cholesterol was higher in women with PCOS than control group (p =0.032, and p =0.001, respectively). No significant difference was seen between No two groups in the mean levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, fasting blood sugar, HOMA IR, LAP, and PA (p >0.05). In women with BMI<25 and BMI between 25 and 30, the mean level of total cholesterol was higher in PCOS group than control group, whereas there was no significant difference in women with BMI>30. In women with BMI>30, the mean triglyceride and glucose levels was higher in PCOS group than control group (p=0.029, and p=0.010).

Conclusion:  In the present study, in obese women, triglyceride and fasting glucose levels were higher in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome than healthy women. In non-obese women, however, the total cholesterol level was higher in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome than healthy women.

 

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Abstract

 

Background and Aim: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most important reproductive and endocrine disorders in women. Evening primrose oil is a phytosterogenic plants, and there are many reports about the effects of phytoestrogens on the hypothalamus-pituitary axis. Regarding the side effects of existing drugs, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of evening primrose oil (EPO) on changes in sex hormones, serum glucose and insulin levels and insulin sensitivity in PCOS.

 

Methods: In this experimental study 30 female Sprague Dawley rats with regular sexual cycle were divided into five groups (n=6). Group 1: control. Group 2: (control treatment) received evening primrose oil gavage at dose of 1000mg/kg for 21 days. Group 3: PCOS induced by estradiol valerate. Group 4: After induction of PCOS received evening primrose oil gavage at dose of 1000mg/kg for 21 days. Group 5: After induction of PCOS received evening primrose oil gavage at dose of 2000mg/kg for 21 days. Finally, blood samples were collected from heart and then sex hormones, glucose and insulin concentrations were determined. The results were analyzed by SPSS software using one-way ANOVA and Duncan 's test.

 

Results: The FSH level increased significantly in the fourth and fifth groups compared to the third (p <0.05). Levels of LH and testosterone levels were significantly lower in the fourth and fifth groups than the third group (p <0.05). There was no significant difference in the level of FSH and LH among the other groups. The serum levels of insulin and glucose in the fourth and fifth groups were significantly lower than the third group (p <0.05). Also, insulin sensitivity was higher in the treatment groups than in the third group (p <0.05). There was no significant difference in insulin, glucose and insulin sensitivity among other groups.

 

Conclusions: By changing the concentration of FSH, LH and testosterone hormones in polycystic ovary syndrome, evening primrose oil, can reduce the complications of these hormonal changes. EPO also reduces insulin and serum glucose and increases insulin sensitivity in PCOS. With more complete studies, Evening primrose oil can be recommended as a good alternative to chemical drugs for the treatment of PCOS.

 

 

 

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Abstract
Background & aim: The anti-diabetic effects of Walnut green skin have attracted many researchers in the recent years.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of green skin extract on the serum level of sugar, lipid profile, and ALP, ALT, AST enzymes in adult male diabetic rats.
 
Methods: In the present experimental study, 32 adult male rats were divided into 4 groups of 8, including control, treated with medicine solvent, diabetic with 60 mg/kg dose of streptozotocin, and diabetic under 10 day treatment of 100 mg/kg dose of green skin extract of walnut groups. At the end, the serum level of glucose, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzymes are measured. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey tests.
 
Results:The results of this study indicated that in diabetic animals,  in comparison with control group, serum levels of ALP, ALT, AST enzymes, glucose, triglyceride, and LDL were increased, and HDL level decreased (P = 0.001). While in diabetic rats treated with green skin extract,in comparison with diabetic animals, the level of serum ALP, ALT, AST enzymes, glucose, triglyceride, and LDL decreased and HDL increased compared to diabetic animals(P = 0.001).
Conclusion:The green skin extract of walnut with anti-diabetic effects reduces glucose, liver transaminases, and lipid profiles in diabetic animals
 
 

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Background & aim: Adipose tissue is not just a source of excess energy storage, but an endocrine organ that regulates biological functions by endocrine role by releasing adipokines that act like real hormones. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise intensity and saffron supplementation on the response of adipokines to insulin resistance markers in obese and overweight women.
 
Methods: The present research method is quasi-experimental. Among obese and overweight women using G-Power software, 42 obese women with a body mass index above 25 were selected in a purposeful and accessible manner and randomly divided into six groups of intense intermittent exercise, continuous exercise, control, Intense intermittent exercise with saffron supplement, continuous exercise with saffron supplement and saffron supplement group were divided. After the initial sampling, the intervention groups worked for eight weeks. In order to eliminate the response of the last training session, blood sampling was performed 48 hours after the last training session. All data analysis was performed at a significance level of P≤0.05 with analysis of covariance.
 
Results: There was a significant difference in the variables of weight, body mass index and fat percentage between the control group and training interventions and saffron (P<0.005). In the irizin variable, the results showed that there was a significant difference between periodic exercise + saffron, endurance + saffron with the control group (P=0.001). But there was no significant difference between the periodic training group + saffron and the endurance + saffron group (P= 0.9). In the lipocalin variable, the results showed that there was a significant difference between training interventions and saffron (except endurance training intervention) with the control group. The results also showed that there was no significant difference between the periodic training group + saffron and the intense periodic training group (P=0.7). The results also showed that there was no significant difference between the endurance group (P=0.1) and saffron (P=0.9) in the LDL variable compared to the control group. In the HDL variable, the only group that was significantly different from the control group was the intense periodic exercise group + saffron (P=0.03). In the cholesterol variable, the only group that was significantly different from the control group was the intense periodic exercise group + saffron (P=0.003). There was a significant difference in the triglyceride variable of the severe periodic group + saffron (P=0.001) and also the severe periodic group (P=0.03) with the control group. There is a significant difference in insulin and insulin resistance between all groups (except saffron) and the control group (P=0.001). The results also showed that there was no significant difference between insulin changes and insulin resistance between any of the exercise interventions (P=0.9). There was no significant difference in glucose between any of the groups (P=0.9).
 
 
Conclusion: Saffron and higher intensity activity can have regulatory effects on the body's metabolic balance: The use of saffron and exercise improves the serum lipid profile and ultimately leads to improved insulin resistance.
 

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Introduction: Iodine containing thyroid hormones regulate a variety of biochemical reactions in almost all tissues of the body. These hormones are known to be important factors in regulating gene expression in tissues such as the brain, liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. Several studies have shown that thyroid hormones regulate the activity of the Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme, and this study aimed to investigate the relationship between the plasma levels of TSH and Free T4 hormones and the activity of the G6PD enzyme in adults.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, blood samples were taken from 120 subjects referred to Shahid Motahari Clinic and also hospitalized in Shahid Dastgheib Hospital in Shiraz between July 2019 and August 2020, consisting of 60 individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and 60 individuals with normal glucose-6-phosphate enzyme activity, and their plasma levels of thyroid enzymes TSH and free T4 were measured. Finally, the results were statistically analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: The mean plasma TSH level in individuals with normal G6PD enzyme activity was 3.46 ± 2.14 and in individuals with G6PD enzyme deficiency it was 4.09 ± 2.27. This difference in mean plasma TSH level between the two groups of patients and healthy individuals was not statistically significant. The difference in mean plasma free T4 level between individuals with normal G6PD enzyme activity and individuals with this enzyme deficiency was very small; so that the plasma free T4 level in normal individuals was 11.68 ± 1.61 and in patients was 11.66 ± 1.90, which was not statistically significant.
Discussion & Conclusion: This study showed that the plasma TSH level in individuals with G6PD deficiency was higher than in individuals with normal G6PD enzyme activity and the plasma free T4 level was slightly lower than in individuals with normal G6PD enzyme activity; Although these differences were not statistically significant, this study showed for the first time in Iran that there is no significant relationship between thyroid hormone levels and the G6PD enzyme