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Introduction & Objective: Social phobia is an anxiety disorder, which can be described as a strong, persisting fear of situations where humiliation or embarrassment may occur. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of meta-cognitive therapy (MCT) on symptoms of social phobia (SP) patients. Materials & Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted in 2010. with pretest-posttest and follow-up design, using control group. From all social phobia disorder (SPD) patients referring to psychology clinics in Shiraz, Iran in 2010, 19 patients were selected through the objective sampling method and were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The Social Phobia Symptoms Assessment Questioner (SPSAQ) and Fears of Negative Evaluation Scale (FNE) were used as the pre–test measures. The experimental group received 8 weeks of Wells’ meta-cognitive therapy sessions. The control group was in the waiting list until the end of the follow up. The same measures were used for post–test and follow–up (after 3 months). Results: The results of analysis of multivariate covariance showed that MCT had a significant effect in reducing the symptoms of SPD (p<0.001). Conclusion: This intervention is believed to reduce symptoms of social phobia (SP) patients by facilitating transmission from the object mode to the meta cognitive mode and enhancing the efficient and flexible coping skills.

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Background & Aim: The imposed war burdened a lot of problems on the society of Iran during the past few years. In this course, veterans didn’t immune from its harmful effects. The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of integrated group gestalt therapy and cognitive therapy on improvement of quality of life of veterans of city of Jahrom, Iran. Methods: The present clinical trial study was conducted on thirty veterans of Jahrom in 2010. The subjects included all the war veterans of Jahrom, 820 with 25-69 percent physical damage. Random sampling was executed and the world Health Organization life quality questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) was given to 150 of them. Fifteen people in each group were replaced by another fifteen people. The test group received eight sessions of group consultation in Gestalt therapy and cognition therapy ways, but the control group received no therapy. The gathered data was analyzed using ANOVA test. Results: The result of this study showed that-there is a significant difference between the life quality dimensions (physical health, mental health, life environment and social relations) between the test and control group (p=0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the integrated of group counseling by gestalt therapy and cognitive therapy had an influence on increasing the veteran’s life qualifications in aspects of physical health, mental health, life environment and social relations.

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Abstract Background & aim: Multidimensional and complex nature of social phobia disorder requires assessment, efficacy and comparison of treatment. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of interpersonal and metacognitive group therapy. in reducing symptoms of social phobia Method: This study is an experimental research and the design of study is pre-test- post-test in which 45 patients suffering from social phobia disorder were selected and randomly assigned to three groups of interpersonal , metacognitive and control . Therapy sessions in groups of 15 people in 8 meeting held .The tools used in this study included the Social Phobia Inventory(SPIN) Social Interaction Anxiety Scale(SIAS) and the Brief Fear Negative Evaluation Scale Revised Version(BFNE-II) and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV(SCID)is that in the pre-test and post-test were completed by patients.Data was statically analyzed Multivariate Covariance analysis (MANCOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc test to compare difference scale scores pre test-post test variables were used in the experimental and control groups. Results:The results showed that there is significant differences between experimental (interpersonal and metacognitive Therapy) and control group( waiting list) (P<0/001).Also results showed that both interpersonal and metacognitive group therapies were equally effective on the symptom of social phobia disorder, social interaction anxiety and fear of negative evaluation(P<0/001) and its effect size by order of was 0/49, 0/75,0/95. Conclusion: Given the effectiveness of both treatment on social phobia symptoms can be relevant option for clients who go to counseling centers for an effective treatment .

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Abstract                  
Background & aim: Social anxiety, also known as social phobia, is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in the society, which, due to the complex and multidimensional nature of this disorder, requires the planning and implementation of appropriate treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Wells meta-cognitive therapy in group therapy on meta-cognitive beliefs of female students with social anxiety disorder.
 
Methods: the present quasi-experimental study was carried out using a pre-test one-month post-test and control group. The statistical population of the present study were female undergraduate students of Azad University, Payam Noor University, and Applied Sciences University in Gachsaran, Iran. The study was conducted on 300 students using Social Anxiety Inventory(SPI). The cut point was 40 with the accuracy of 80% and cut point of 50 with the accuracy of 89%, distinguished people with social anxiety from non-specific individuals. At that point, sixty participants were randomly selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups of 30 participants each. The MCQ-30 metacognitive beliefs questionnaire was performed in three stages: pre-test, post-test and one-month follow up for the groups. After carrying out ethical considerations(informed consent, willingness, secrecy), the experimental group received metacognitive therapy during the ten sessions and the control group received no treatment. The obtained results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate covariance analysis(MANCOVA) using SPSS software version 21.
 
Result: Mean and standard deviation of metacognitive beliefs in pretest; experimental group 08, 89, 26, 6, control group 90.22, 5.58, posttest 70.04, 4.66, control group 84.63, 6.79 and follow-up in experimental group 71.38, 6.79 and control group 85.74, 6.94. Furthermore, the results of analysis of covariance indicated that there was a significant difference between the two groups in all                        post-tests(p<0.05). According to the descriptive indices, the experimental group's post-test scores were significantly lower than the control group. This was also the case for the components of follow-up research, therefore group metacognitive therapy significantly improved the metacognitive beliefs of patients with social anxiety at post-test and the consistency of treatment outcomes at follow-up.
 
Conclusion: Results showed improvement in patients' symptoms after one month post-test and follow-up. According to the post-test results, it appeared that meta-cognitive group therapy was effective in improving metacognitive beliefs in patients with social phobia disorder.
 
 

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Background & aim: Nurses are the largest group of health care providers and play an important role in the quality of patient care. Career Thoughts is one of the most important factors that play a special role in nursing job performance. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based Cognitive therapy on dysfunctional career thoughts in nursing students.

 

Methods: The present studywas a quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design and follow-up with control group. One standard deviation above the mean of the group were selected by convenience sampling, then these 36 individuals were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 8 sessions of 2 hours (one session per week) in the intervention group and the control group did not receive any training. After the sessions, both groups responded to the job dysfunction questionnaire (Sampson et al., 1996). Collected data were analyzed by covariance analysis using SPSS software.

 

Results: The results revealed that the experimental group indicated a significant decrease in dysfunctional job thinking, decision making confusion, commitment anxiety and external conflict after receiving the training compared to the control group. These results were also maintained at follow-up. The intervention in the post-test was 68% on the total score of ineffective job thoughts, 39% on decision making confusion, 55% on commitment anxiety and 59% on external conflict and in the follow-up phase, 56% on the total score of job ineffective thinking, and 35% on confusion. In decision making, 43% were effective on commitment anxiety and 46% on external conflict.

 

Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy is recommended to reduce the ineffective nursing students' occupational thinking in order to enhance their job performance and provide their patients with better quality health services.

 

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