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Background & aim: Some of natural and synthetic products have antioxidant properties which protect the liver against the destructive factors. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Bupleurum exelatum (B. exalatum) extracts on rat liver. Material and method: This experimental study was conducted at Yasouj University of Medical Sciences in 2013 on 50 healthy adult male Wistar rats. Animals were randomly divided into five equal groups: the normal group (receiving, olive oil), control and experiment groups receiving different dose of carbon tetrachloride and olive oil. The experiment group was given daily doses of 75, 150 and 300 mg per Kg of B. exalatum extract by gavage respectively. After two months, the liver enzymes, total protein, albumin and bilirubin in animal’s sera were measured. Data were analyzed by the SPSS software, using ANOVA and tuky-test. Result: The toxicant significantly (P < 0.05) increased the levels of ALT, AST, ALP, TB, DB, and decrease the level of TP and ALB. Oral administration of B. exalatum extracts showed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in all the elevated serum and significant increase (P < 0.05) in TP and ALB levels at all usage doses. These results indicate the maximum recovery was observed in 300 mg/kg/day. The histopathological changes i.e. fatty changes, necrosis etc were partly or fully prevented in animals treated with the extracts. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the extract of B. exalatum possessed hepatoprotective activity, which could be linked to their phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activity this therefore requires further in-depth studies.

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Background & aim: The inflammation and necrosis in hepatocyte causes disorders in liver functions when induced with toxins. Medicinal plants have hepatoprotectivity effects and can inhibit the heptotoxicity progressing in the liver. In this study the hepatoprotectivity effect of Avicenniamarina hydro ethanolic leaves extract (AME) were investigated in malerats induced with carbone tetrachloride.

Methods: In this study, 42 male rats with 220-250 gr body weight were divided randomly in 6 groups (n=7): control, sham(taking olive oil, 2ml/kg/day, i.p),witness group(taking carbontetrachloride 1:1 with olive oil,2ml/kg, single dose, i.p) and treatedgroups: (1,2 and3inducedbycarbontetrachloride 1:1 with olive oil, 2ml/kg ,andafter2 hours 200, 400 and 800mg/kg  AME /dayfor4 days,i.p).Thecontrolgroup (taking normal saline, 0.5ml/day,i.p). Aftertheexaminationthebloodsampleswerecollectedfromheartdirectly and albumin, total protein, totalbilirobin and liver enzymes wereanalyzed.

Results: Carbon tetrachloride reduced serum albumin and total protein and increased total bilirubin in groups induced with ccl₄ significantly (P<0.001). In treated groups serum albumin and total protein increased and total bilirubin decreased compared with witness groups significantly (P <0.05). CCl₄ increased ALT, AST and ALP significantly and in treated group reduced significantly(P<0.001).

Conclusion: The Avicennia marina hydoethanolic extract has antioxidant and flavonoids compounds. These materials could be able to protect the tissues, such as liver tissue, from toxic agentssignificantly.

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Abstract:
Background and aim: Leaves and flowers of Nasturtium officinalis L. contain flavonoid compounds. This plant has several characteristics, such as anticancer properties, blood suger insucer and blood lipids. In the present study, the protective effect of hydroalcoholic extract of grasses in liver toxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride in Wistar rats was investigated.
 
Methods: In this research, 32 male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four equal groups of  control (received olive Oil), positive control (received olive Oil + CCl4), and four groups as treatment 1 and 2 received olive oil intraperitoneal administration and 250, 500mg/kg body weight hydroalcoholic extract Nastartium officinals respectively. Animals were treated orally by gavage daily for 32 days. At the end of experiment, serum levels of aspartate and alanine transferase, alkaline phosphatase and total proteins were assessed. The Data was analyzed with using of one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's HSD tests using SPSS 21.
 
Results: The mean of ALT, AST, ALP reduced and total protein increased significantly in the in the fourth group compared to the second group (P<0.05). Histological investigation demonstrated that necrosis and inflammation of liver reduced following carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity.
 
Conclusion: Hydroalcoholic extract of Nasturtium officinal's can protect liver cells against toxic oxidative damage caused by carbon tetrachloride.
 
 

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Background& Aim: Carbon tetrachloride as a solvent and chemical intermediate used in the industry can cause several side effects, including liver toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential hepatic protection of wheat germ oil against tetrachloride-induced liver disorders in male rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 48 male mice were randomly divided into 6 groups of 8 and treated for 4 weeks including control, carbon tetrachloride (1 ml/kg body weight intraperitoneally, 2 times a week),carbon tetrachloride (1 ml/kg body weight intraperitoneally) + wheat germ oil (250 mg/kg body weight per day orally), carbon tetrachloride (1 ml/kg) + wheat germ oil (500 mg/kg/day orally), wheat germ oil (250 mg/kg body weight per day orally) and wheat germ oil (500 mg/kg body weight per day orally) groups. At the end of the treatment period, blood samples were collected for measurement of liver enzymes including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Isolated hepatocyte specimens were fixed with 10% formalin and then stained with hematoxylin and eosin and analyzed by light microscopy. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test.
Results: In rats receiving carbon tetrachloride combined with wheat germ oil (250 and 500 mg / kg), liver enzymes (ALP, ALT, AST) significantly decreased (P <0.05) compared to the carbon tetrachloride group. Lipid peroxidation in carbon tetrachloride + wheat germ oil (250 and 500 mg / kg) compared to the carbon tetrachloride group significantly (p <0.05) decreased and the levels of catalase and total antioxidant capacity (P <0.05) (p) increased. Also, wheat germ oil in doses of 250 and 500 mg / kg improved the tissue damage caused by tetrachloride.
Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, wheat germ oil appears to have a protective effect on liver toxicity due to tetrachloride in rats.
 Carbon Tetrachloride, Wheat Germ Oil, Liver, Oxidative Stress, Mice

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Background & aim: Liver disease is one of the major problems in human societies today. Effective drug treatment for these disorders is of interest to researchers and physicians worldwide due to their polyphenolic and flavonoid compounds, they have high antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to determine and investigate the hepatoprotective effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Thymus vulgaris on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

Methods: In this experimental study, 40 Wistar rats weighing 220-250 g were randomly divided into five groups of eight. One group was treated as control and the other four groups were induced by hepatotoxic carbon tetrachloride. Of these four groups, one group received orally 400 mg / kg, 800 mg / kg / day of rat powder in the other three groups, respectively. 45 days after study in all groups, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymes, as well as serum total protein, albumin, and bilirubin concentrations were measured using aqueous acid test and data were analyzed using ANOVA.

Results: Total protein, total albumin and bilirubin concentration in the negative control group were not significantly different from the positive control group (p> 0.05), but the liver enzyme activity was significantly different (p <0.05). Hepatic enzyme activity in group II and bilirubin in group III showed a better decrease.

Conclusion: The results of this study show that the extract of Thymus vulgaris has protective effects against carbon damages caused by carbon tetrachloride.