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Introduction & objective:Visceral leishmaniasis (Kala azar), a systemic infectious and life threatening disease of childhood, can be easily diagnosed and treated provided that there is enough knowledge about it otherwise, 90 –95% of patients may die due to severe, acute complications such as bleeding and opportunist infections. Following the incubation period and onset of clinical manifestations, the disease exhibits itself in the form of recumbent regular fever, weight loss, weakness, edema, anemia and hepato splenomegaly.Although the disease is potentially fatal, it is preventable and curable. This study aims at determining the distribution and clinical manifestations of kala azar among the admitted child patients in Yasuj Shahid Beheshti Hospital. Materials & Methods: This retrospective and descriptive research was carried out on 57 patients, admitted in pediatric ward of the hospital during 1375-1378. Demographic information and clinical manifestations were obtained from files through simple sampling and analyzed using SPSS. Results: This study showed that the majority of patients (66.7 %) were male. The average age of the patients was 2.67 ± 1.86 years. The highest rate of the disease (24.5%) belonged to Yasuj. Most cases (43.3%) occurred in spring time and the fewest cases in winter. The commonest clinical manifestations were fever (84.2%), splenomegaly (77.2%) and hepatomegaly (75.4%). Conclusion: Taking into account the findings of the study, it seams necessary to carry out a screening study on children living in the regions susceptible to the disease because of climatic and geographical conditions. In this way, prevention and treatment can be facilitated.

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ABSTRACT Introduction & Objective: Enuresis is defined as involuntary voiding. It is a socially disruptive and stressful condition which affects around 15% of five years old children and up to 1% of adults. Aim the aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of desmopressin (nasal spray) and oxybutinin combination therapy in treatment of patients with primary nocturnal enuresis that were resistant to single drug therapy. Materials &Methods : This study is a prospective clinical trial conducted on patients aged 5-15 years old referred to urology clinic due to nocturnal enuresis. After taking history , physical examination , checking laboratory test , and ruling out the organic causes patients were treated with vasopressin or imipramin or oxybutinin at first. If no responses to this treatment was observed after 3 weeks, then the patients were treated by combination therapy ,giving desmopressin (10-20μg) and oxybutinin 2.5-5 mg) at bed time for 4-6 months. 70 patients were treated by combined therapy and then patients were followed up evaluated for responses, relapses and side effects of this drugs . Results :The results demonstrate the efficacy of this treatment. 60 % of patients were responded completely, 34.3% partially responded and no response was found in 57% of cases. 5.7% of patients developed minor side effects with combination therapy. Finally 44.3% of patients showed partial or complete relapse of enuresis 1 month after treatment . Conclusion : Based on these results , we can suggest that children with nocturnal enuresis who are resistant to single drug therapy, can be treated with this combination therapy . Reduction of urinary output and thus lowering of bladder filling by desmopressin , decreases the onset of inhibited bladder contraction and enhances the activity of oxybutinin. However due to cost and shortage of this drugs, we recommend this treatment only for patients with no response to single drug therapy , or other current therapies.

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Introduction & Objective: ECG is a test which is used for diagnosis and confirmation of cardiovascular diseases. Many studies regarding the validity of this test in different age groups have been performed and different results were obtained. This study was performed to assess the role of ECG on anesthesia planning in elderly patients. Material & Methods: One hundred elderly patients who referred to Nikocari hospital in Tabriz for eye surgery were enrolled in this study. Findings of clinical examination and medical history were compared with those obtained from the interpretation of ECG by anesthetists. Results: The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. Results showed that only 4% of the patients without positive findings in clinical examination had ECG abnormalities 3% had RBBB and 1% had T inversion in pre-cordial leads. It is noticeable that reported abnormalities are not so important on the basis of anesthesia care planning. Conclusion: According to the results obtained, it seems logical to pay more attention to selection of patients for ECG and ordering ECG test only for patients with positive clinical findings.

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Introduction & Objective: Visceral leishmaniosis (VL) is endemic in some parts of Iran. Mediterranean type of disease is present in Iran where its causative agent is Leishmania infantum and dogs are the main reservoirs. Since many cases of the disease were reported from Noor-abad, in Fars provine, we aimed to carry out an epidemiological survey on VL in human and animal reservoirs (dogs) in Mahoor-Milaty district of Noor-Abad city at WestNorth of Fars province. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive survey, blood samples were randomly collected from all children 10 years old, 10% of the adult population and 20% of the dogs kept by owners in Mahoor-Milaty villages drawn by systematic sampling. The specimens were subjected to direct agglutination test (DAT) on serum and PCR on whole blood. The data were analyzed by standard statistical tests using SPSS software. Results: Of the 321 human samples, 234 samples belonged to children 10 years old and 87 samples were from adults. 182 (56.7%) out of 321 samples were prepared from males and 139 (43.3%) from females. Totally, 6 cases (1.86%) of human samples showed specific Leishmania antibodies with titers 1:3200 or higher by DAT. Of the 19 dog samples, 5 cases (26.3%) showed specific Leishmania antibodies with titers 1:160 or higher. Likewise, kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) of Leishmania infantum was identified in 6 cases (31.5%) of all dogs by PCR with specific primers on whole blood. None of these cases had seropositive titer. Conclusion: Results of this study show that dogs are the main sources of infection for human visceral leishmaniasis in this region and VL is endemic in Mahoor-Milaty district where the incidence rate of human VL cases has recently been increased. Besides it seems that PCR method is a good tool for primary screening of dogs' blood samples with overt or cryptic VL infection

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ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Stress is a collection of reactions against incompatible and unexpected internal and external factors. Since the manager of any organization is exposed to stress more than other personnel. The present study was performed to determine the rate of stress in senior managers and their assistants in Kohgilouyeh and Boyrahmad province. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, all the 134 senior managers and their assistants were recruited through a stress questionnaire. The questionnaire included six physical, individual, cultural, occupational, familial domains, and physical conditions of job environment. Results: It was revealed that the avarage rate of stress was 54.88, and 34.3% of the subjects appeared to experience high stress. Occupational stress (58.73) appeared to be the most stressful domain and physical stress (41.43) was the least stressful one, respectively. Violation from regulations, success of the opportunists, and showing discrimination toward the referrals turned out to be the most stressful options. Conclusion: Since in this study the occupational dimension had created the highest degree of stress in the managers, it appears that the greatest and most effective step in decreasing the managers’ stress is perhaps accurate supervision, appropriate encouragement and finally due punishment proportionate the managers' performance.

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Introduction & Objective: Air pollution is a major environmental problem in urban areas. PM10 (Particulate Matters with a diameter less than 10 micrometer) is one of the most important pollutants in air, and an increase of 10 μgr/m3 in concentration may cause an increase of 1-3 percent in the mortality rate. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of the PM10 air pollution in the city of Gachsaran. Materials & Methods: This is an analytic-longitudinal study. 6936 air samples were collected during 334 days from April 2005 to March 2006 using a SM200 dust monitor sampler machine. The data were analyzed conducting oneway ANOVA, Tukey and t-student tests and then compared with the WHO standard rates. Results: The results revealed a direct linear correlation between air temperature and concentration of PM10 (p<0.001). There was a significant difference between the mean value of PM10 concentration (μgr/m3) in the seasons of summer (226.3), spring (167.8), autumn (111.6), and winter (85.7). In addition, the mean concentrations of PM10 in warmer months exceeded to the maximum permissible concentration. Conclusion: It can be concluded that some important variables such as air dryness, low rate of humidity and rainfall, high temperature along with the huge local oil industries are the potential factors of air pollution in Gachsaran.

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ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Human exposure to environmental noise increases day to day and noise is currently a very important stressful factor. One of the common sources of noise is transportation vehicles. Undesirable impacts of traffic persuaded governments to set rules for the problem and when civil planners and road engineers decide to construct highways, they must be sure that the related standards and rules have been met. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of noise pollution in crowded areas of Yasuj. Materials and Methods: Noise measuring was done by using B&K Sound Level Meter (model 2230). Noise descriptors (Leq, Max, Min) were measured for 10 minutes of any hour during daytime and night in selected areas (11 stations). One station was also selected as reference point and noise measurement was carried out for the whole week in this station. Results: Leq was found to be 72±4.4 dB (Max) and 65.4±7 dB (Min). Recorded maximum and minimum noise was 99.7 dB (at 17-18 o'clock) and 34 dB (at 4-5 o'clock), respectively. Conclusion: Comparing the findings of this study with standard scales indicates that Yasuj is experiencing high noise pollution.

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ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) caused by Leishmania Infantum is endemic in most Mediterranean basin and its seroprevalence ranges from 10 to 37%. Diagnosis of Infection is very important especially in asymptomatic dogs for control of human leishmaniasis for control of human visceral leishmaniasis. This study was aimed to compare three methods for detection of canine visceral leishmaniosis. Materials & Methods: In this research process study, 71 dogs were selected from 4 endemic villages in Meshkin-Shahr district. Peripheral blood samples were tested by serologic (DAT and Dipstick rK39) and molecular (PCR) methods. Skin samples were tested by molecular (PCR) methods. Twelve samples of PCR products were sequenced that all of them were identified as Leishmania infantum and 2 nucleotide sequence data submitted to the GenBank database. Results: From 71 dogs that were studied, 21.1% were symptomatic and others were asymptomatic(78.9%). 17 dogs (23.9%) had ≥ 1:320 titer of antibody by direct agglutination test (DAT). Twenty two dogs(31%) were positive by Dipstick rK39 test, 21 dogs (29.6%) were positive by PCR on skin samples, 31 dogs (43.7%) were positive in blood PCR and 38 dogs (53.5%) were positive by skin/blood PCR. The highest correlation was between DAT and Dipstick test (76%). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, we can diagnose infection in symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs by DAT as a suitable method and PCR is suitable to follow parasite DNA in skin and other tissues of dogs. Keywords: Direct Agglutination Test(DAT), Dipstick rK39, PCR, Visceral Leishmaniosis, Dog

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Introduction & Objective: Aphthous stomamtitis is characterized by single or multiple painful recurrent lesions in oral mucosa. Lesions can relapse in some patients for several years. Therefore treatment of such cases seems necessary. The aim of this study was to compare the therapeutic effect of topical Myrtus communis (myrtle) solution with topical triamcinolone (Adcortyle) in the treatment of minor apotheosis. Materials & Methods: This clinical-trial study was conducted at Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in 2009. 100 patients were randomly assigned into 2 groups. The 1st group received topical myrtle solution. The 2nd group received topical trimcinolone (Adcortyle). After one week, patients' declaration about time of the recovery of the pain and deterioration of oral lesion was recorded. The gathered data was then analyzed using the SPSS statistical software using t-test and chi-square. Results: After treatment, both groups showed response to topical medications with no significant difference between them (p>0.05). Conclusion: results of this study showed that topical myrtle solution is effective in the treatment of minor aphthous stomatitis and its therapeutic effect is comparable with topical triamcinolone (Adcortyle).

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Background & Aim: Air pollution has been one of the threatening factors of human health during the last century. Particulate matters are the major air pollutants in urban areas. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ambient particulate mattes on spontaneous abortion. Methods: This case-control study was conducted between June 2010 to February 2011 on 148 spontaneous abortion (case group) and 148 pregnant women (control group) in Tehran. From 22 regions of Tehran, 10 hospitals were randomly selected and samples were collected by simple random sampling from these hospitals. The mean of particulate matters was obtained from monitoring stations of Tehran Air Quality Control Company (TAQCC). Collected data was analyzed by the SPSS software using independent sample t-test, chi-square test, multiple and linear regression models. Results: Two groups in the study were matched in participants' age, husbands' age, age at first childbirth, educational level, family average income, previous type of delivery and the interval between deliveries, any previous abortion experience, body mass index, parity, duration of residence in Tehran and the amount of time spent at work and outside of home (P>0.05). On analyzing the collected data, it was revealed that the mean of ambient PM10 concentration in case group (94.4±39.22 micro gr/m3) was significantly higher than the control group (83.54±22.55 micro gr/m3) in T-test (P<0.001) and also the rate of abortion was higher in these areas (OR: 1.01, CI95%: 1.003-1.018). For assessing the relationship between gestational age and ambient PM10 concentration, linear regression method was used. Results indicated that there was a negative correlation between these variables. Conclusion: Findings of this study showed that there was a significant relationship between occurrence of spontaneous abortion and the ambient PM10 concentration.

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Abstract Background & aim: Hirsutism can esthetically cause significant psychosocial consequences in hirsute women. Different methods, so far, have been applied for hair removal, and the Cool Intense Pulsed Light (CIPL) system is one of them. The aim of this study was to determine the effect and side effects of the CIPL method on removing the hairs of the chin area in hirsute women. Methods: This is a interventional study in which 30 women suffering from hirsutism referred to a dermatologist's clinic in Yasuj, Iran were participated during 2009-2010. A convenience sampling method was used for data collection. Subjects underwent the Cool Intense Pulsed Light method over 6 months, one session per month . To compare the effect of the applied intervention, number of hair on the chin area were compared before and after the intervention Collected data were analyzed by the SPSS software using descriptive and analytic statistics such as t-test, paired t-test and ANOVA, considering α=0.05. Results: The duration of affliction with hirsutism was 1-15 year. The mean number of hairs of the chin area before and after the intervention were 288.2± 229.2 and 56.4± 43.8 respectively. Paired T-test analysis revealed that the difference is significant (p=0.001). None of the participants reported any specific problems related to the applied intervention. Conclusion: treatment efficacy of CIPL for hirsutism was 80 percent. However, we suggest further studies to confirm these findings. Key words: Cool Intense Pulsed Light, Hirsutism, Hair removal

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Abstract Background & aim: Autism is one of the diseases with clearly associated disorders. Children with autism are not able to express the pain and in case of signs of mental disability in children a delay in reporting of diagnosis or misdiagnosis will occurs. The aim of this study was to report a case of risperidone in children with autism and suspected dysphagia. Case Presentation: This case report dealt with a rare complication of Risperidone side effect diagnosed as dysphagia in an autistic child. Risperdal is approved for autism treatment and the common side effects of this drug is increased appetite, but has led to difficulty in eating in children. To investigate the cause of dysphagia, no para-clinic examination was conducted. Conclusion: It is necessary to take a complete drug history in patients with problems of communication and swallowing disorders. Key words: Risperidone, Autism, Dysphagia, Child

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Abstract Backgrounds & aim: The heavy metals entering the water resources through different channels pose risks, such as poisoning and carcinogenesis, in the living organisms’ body. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution pattern of heavy metals in drinking water networks using GIS in Gachsaran, Iran. . Methods: In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, samples were taken from11 spots of the drinking water distribution network and tested for concentration of 10 metals by Inductivity Coupled Ions Plasma (ICP) method in summer of 2010. The research data were compared with national and international water standards. Then the distribution map of heavy metals concentrations in the drinking water wells of the region was prepared by using the Geographical Information System (GIS) software. Data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: In all samples, the average concentration of heavy metals were: Arsenic 0.54, Cadmium 0.05, Zinc 55.9, Lead 0.18, Copper .82, Chromium 1.6, Barium 36.5, Selenium0.5, Mercury 0.1 and Silver 0.05 micrograms per liter and was less than the water quality standard. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that concentrations of heavy metals in Gachsaran’s drinking water distribution network are not higher than national and international standards and therefore not harmful for people. Key words: Heavy metals, Distribution network, Gachsaran, geographical information system (GIS)

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Background & aim: Nowadays air pollution from vehicles, industry and increasing consumption of fossil fuels threatens human health and the environment. Monitoring and identifying pollutant sources are one of the basic strategies for controlling air pollution. The aim of this study was to determine the quality of air of Kashan, Iran, based on the air quality index in 2011. Methods: In the present descriptive - analytical study, the concentration of air pollutants, including O3, CO, SO2, NO2 and PM10 were determined. Index of air quality was calculated by the MATLAB R2007a software, which six groups were classified. Results: The results indicated that the air quality index of 365 days in 2011, 179 days were clean and acceptable, but 186 days exceeded the air quality standards. Accordingly, the air quality was unhealthy for sensitive groups at 86 days, unhealthy 38 days, very unhealthy 31 days and 31 days were dangerous. Conclusions: O3, PM10 and CO was responsible for the largest contingent air pollution in non-standard conditions in Kashan city. Moreover, one suggestion for better estimate of the quality of the air in the city is to increase the number of pollutant measuring stations of the city.

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Background & aim: Urinary tract infection is the most common childhood infections after upper respiratory tract infection. Early diagnosis, proper treatment and appropriate patient follow-up can lead to a significant reduction in symptoms. The purpose of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance of urinary tract infection in children under 14 years admitted to the pediatric clinic of Imam Sajjad (AS) Yasooj. Methods: Methods: In this cross-sectional study antibiotic sensitivity of 145 positive urine cultures were evaluated by disc diffusion method. Urine specimens were collected by suprapubic aspiration and catheterization urethral in children without urinary incontinence and Mid Stream Clean-Catch method. Data were analyzed by chi square test. Results: Among the patients were studied, 60.68% female and 39.31% were male. The most common cause of urinary tract infections in children, Escherichia coli (72.41%), followed by Klebsiella (34/10.34%). Antibiotic resistance patterns including ampicillin (85.51%), amoxicillin (/83.44%), cephalexin (69.65%), cephalothin (62.06%), cotrimoxazole (37.61%), nalidixic acid (44.82%), cefixime (24.37%), nitrofurantoin (36.55%), gentamicin (35.17%), ceftriaxone (28.27%), ciprofloxacin (26.89%), amikacin (25.51%), and cefotaxime (24.82%) were respectively. Conclusion: Conclusion: Antibiotic resistance in urinary tract infections of children in Yasuj in 2012 was higher than previous years except for amikacin, But it was a remarkable increase in ciprofloxacin and co-trimoxazole. The use of nitrofurantoin, cefotaxime, third generation cephalosporins and aminoglycosides is recommended for empirical treatment.

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Background & aim: Currently, the use of antifungal azole group and yeasts resistant to these drugs is increasing. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the yeasts obtained from candidiasis patients and furthermore determining thier antifungal resistance. Methods: In the present descriptive study, infections samples were collected from 256 patients with suspected nosocomial candidiasis, then direct exam and culture were performed. Yeast colonies were identified using phenotypic methods, polymerase chain reaction method and enzyme digestion. Data were analyzed using Descriptive statistical tests. Results: Of sixty isolated yeast, thirty-seven cases of Candida albicans (61.6%), seven cases of C. krusei and C. glabrata (11.6%) each, five cases of C. dubliniensis (8.3%) and four cases of C. tropicalis (6.6%) were indicated. The study showed that the sensitivity of C. albicans and C. cruise species to amphotericin B was negligible in disk diffusion and very sensitve in microdilution. Conclusion: Inspite of the results of antifungal susceptibility test of strains studied did not show high resistance, but screening for drug-resistant Candida isolates in Candida infection by disk diffusion and microdilution methods for new cases of drug resistance is reasonable.

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Background & aim: Brucellosis or Malta fever is a highly contagious zoonosis disease. In addition to clinical complications, the disease leads to an important economic loss. The aim of this study was to determine the demographic and epidemiological prevalence of brucellosis in the Kohgilooye and Boyerahmad province (2009-2013). Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 374 patients with brucellosis in a period of five-year (2009-2013). Demographic data and address of all patients were obtained from the health centers of Kohgilooye and Boyerahmad province and analyzed based on the statistical methods. For data analysis, descriptive and analytical tests were performed. Results: Distribution of patients in this study showed that the majority of patients were in the Kohgilooye, Boyerahmad and Gachsaran districts, respectively, and the lowest were in Basht and Bahmaei districts. Among 374 patients, 8.5%, 23.5% and 68% of cases showed nomadic, urban and rural origin, respectvely. 84% of patients had a history of contact with animals and 31.5% were ranchers and slaughterhouse workers in the province. 50.5% and 49.5% of patients were female and male respectively.The mean age of patients was 39 years old. Conclusion: Contact with livestock plays an important role in prevalence of brucellosis in this province. Refering to report of notable urban cases, consumption of contaminated diary may have priority in the urban regions. This study provides a guideline for health managers to determine hazard regions of brucellosis and so perform the more efficient and with lower budget control deals in this province.

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Background & aim: Optimism, due to its impact on mental and physical health, is of utmost importance. Finding practical and scientific methods to increase optimism and alleviate pessimism are essential. The purpose of the present study was to identify the effect of attribution retraining on optimism, and pessimism of female six-grade elementary students in Ahwaz primary schools, Iran. The attribution retraining was considered as independent variable and optimism and pessimism were considered as dependent variables. Methods: In the present experimental study, 54 sixth-grade primary school students were randomly selected and then divided to two groups of experiment and control groups. The present study was a field experimental research, including pretest-posttest and control group. The research instrument was the Children's Attribution Styles Questionnaire (CASQ) and was presented by Seligman, translated by ShehniYailagh and Ramezani, and adapted to Iranian students’ Culture. . Before starting the retraining, two groups were tested in pre-tests of optimism, pessimism and then, the experiment group was taught attribution retraining, and the control group nothing. At the end of the training course, two groups were tested in post-tests of optimism and pessimism. Results: Results showed that attribution retraining (as independent variables), had a great effect on the dependent variables. The results showed that attribution retraining had increased the meaningful (p= 0/001) amount of optimism and it had decreased pessimism (p = 0/001) significantly. Conclusion: Attribution retraining with increased optimism and pessimism can prevent and reduce the mental and physical health.

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Background & Aim: Solution-focused brief therapy is one of the postmodern therapeutic approaches in the area of family and marriage, which puts emphasis on finding solutions by the client in cooperation with the therapist. The current research was conducted by the aim of investigating the effectiveness of solution-focused brief therapy on reducing couple burnout and improvement of the quality of life of married women. Methods: The current research is an interventional and quasi-experimental study which uses pretest-posttest with control group. The population of this research included all the women who attended the center of mental health helpers in bojnoord city during the summer of 1393 (2014), which were seeking to attend the treatment plan in order to resolve their marital problems. Based on available sampling and after the initial screening, 30 women who were qualified to participate in the research and who gained one standard deviation below the mean in the questionnaire were selected and they were placed in two groups of experiment and control through random assignment. The research tools were Pains couple burnout measurement 1996 (CBM) and the world health organization quality of life questionnaire 1996 (WHOQOL), that were completed by the participants in pretest and posttest stages. The treatment sessions of solution-focused brief therapy were performed in 7 two-hour sessions in groups and step-by-step for the participants of the experiment group, but the control group did not receive any intervention and they were put on the waiting list. The data were analyzed through MANCOVA (multivariate analysis of covariance) in the statistical software of SPSS, version 18. Results: The results indicated that after performing the solution-focused intervention, marital burnout among the women in the experiment group has reduced and their quality of life has been improved.no significance change was seen in the control group. Conclusion: The solution-focused brief therapy is effective in reducing marital problems. This brief therapeutic method can be used in counseling centers and family education classes in order to improve marital problems of the clients.

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Background & aim: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as nosocomial pathogens have been causing severe and deadly diseases around the world.  Coagulase is an important virulence factor for this bacterium and exisist in all staphylococcus aureus isolates. In recent years, studies carried out into the effects of medicinal plants, nanoparticles against bacteria and pathogenic bacteria’s expression genes. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effect of satureja mutica hydroalcoholic extract, zinc oxide nanoparticle, and zinc complex on the coagulase gene expression in clinical and standard isolates of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Methods: In the present quasi-experimental study, using micro dilution and MTT, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of hydro-alcoholic extracts of satureja mutica and zinc oxide nanoparticles were tested against MRSA strains. By polymerase chain reaction ((RT- PCR) coa gene expression in satureja mutica extract and zinc oxide nanoparticles treated were qualitatively evaluated. Data were analyzed using statistical tests

Results: The MIC of hydro alcoholic extract of Satureja mutica  for standard strains and clinical S. aureus  were 3000 and 1500 µg/ml respectively, whereas, the MIC  of nanoparticle zinc oxide on Standards and clinical isolates  were 40 and 20 µg/ml.The hydro alcoholic extract of Satureja mutica on MIC concentration has significant inhibitory effect on coagulase gene expression but no effect was seen for clinical and standard MRSA.

Conclusion: The results show a decline in the coa gene expression in vitro by RT- PCR method using satureja mutica  , but no effect on gene expression Housekeeping arc C. An inhibitory effect was observed on bacterial growth by zinc oxide nanoparticles, but no inhibitory effect on gene expression was seen.