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Background & Aim: Aging is a biological process influenced by biological, physiological, social and environmental factors. This study was conducted to determine the health status of elderly people resident in Yasouj, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Yasouj during 2008. A number of 428 people, aged over 60, were selected based on cluster and random sampling. A researcher made questionnaire, based on existing literatures and current studies, was designed in four domains known as activities of daily living (ADL), physical health, psycho-spiritual health and status of socio-economic. Its content validity, face validity and reliability were reviewed and confirmed. The collected data was analyzed by the SPSS software version 17 using descriptive statistics such as frequency, tables, the central and dispersion statistical indicators as well as inferential statistics like independent t-test with considering α= 0.5. Results: In this study, the total mean scores of four domains of health were 106.63 ± 6.49 (range 82-134), which has 99 percent of their health status were totally described as moderate. Based on four areas of health status, the mean score of activities of daily living, physical health, psycho-spiritual health and socio-economic status were 23.72± 4 (range 16-34), 25.40± 3.21(range 13-34), 34.03± 4.71 (range 14-46) and 23.71± 4.20 with range of 15-37, respectively. Compared mean scores of activities of daily living and psycho-spiritual health showed significant statistical differences according to age groups and sex variables. Conclusion: Health status of the majority of elderly people in this study was moderate which require further attention and holistic support from the family, community, and health authorities in the field.

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Background & aim: With regard to the psychological problems of HIV infection, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of spirituality with a sense of pain and quality of life in patients with HIV/ AIDS. Methods: This descriptive-correlation study was conducted on 43 patients with AIDS in Sistan & Baluchestan province which were selected via available sampling method. Spirituality was measured using the Spirituality Questionnaire, feeling of suffering using the Scale of Experience, and Perception of Suffering and quality of life using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire. Data was analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and Stepwise regression. Results: There was a significant positive relationship between spirituality and quality of life and significant negative relationship between spirituality and feeling of suffering (p<0.05). There was a significant negative relationship between spirituality and psychological suffering (p<0.05). Component of self-awareness is the best predictor of physical and psychological health and also social relationships of the quality of life. In addition, component of self-awareness is the best predictor of physical and psychological suffering, and components of self-awareness and spiritual needs, respectively, are best predictors of spiritual and existential suffering. Conclusion: Reinforcing the spiritual and religious attitude in patients with HIV/AIDS through spiritual and religion instruction may increase the social-mental health and reduce the feeling of suffering and improve quality of life of the patients.

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Abstract
 
Background & aim: Consciously and actively experiencing labor pain can be associated with spiritual development and understanding of individual strengths and provide an opportunity for women to always have pleasant memories of childbirth. The present study aimed to explore women’s spiritual experiences of labor pain.
 
Materials & Methods: This is a qualitative study conducted on a purposeful sample of 17 women with the experience of normal childbirth. Data were collected by semi-structured, in-depth interviews. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed using content analysis approach proposed by Graneheim and Lundman.
 
Results: The participants were 17 women, with a mean age of 33 years and the majority of them had undergraduate education or higher and middle-level income. Sub-categories emerged from this study included “the duality of feelings”, “positive insight”, “self-steam” and “spirituality” that generated the main category of “transcendence by experiencing labor pain”.
 
Conclusion: According to recent policies of the Ministry of Health in order to make normal vaginal delivery pleasant and considering the Iranian cultural and religious background about the sanctity of natural childbirth, profound and spiritual understanding of the experience of labor pain can help to develop appropriate programs and supportive practices for the laboring women, resulting in maintaining human greatness.
 
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Background & aim: Stomach cancer is the fourth most common cancer in the world and the second cause of cancer death. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine and compare the effectiveness of Islamic therapeutic spirituality with SIT on emotional dysfunction and pain self-efficacy in gastric cancer patients of Ardabi, Iran.

Methods: The present study was semi-experimental using the pre-test-post-test method with a control group, which was conducted in 2022. The statistical population included patients with stomach cancer in Ardabil city, Imam Khomeini Hospital and Shafa Parto Chemotherapy Center in Ardabil city in chemotherapy stage. 60 people were selected as available and were randomly divided into three groups (two experimental groups and one control group). The measurement tool in this research was the Toronto Emotional Dysfunction Scale, the Bandura Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. which was examined in three groups before the group intervention and at the end of the 10th session. The first test group was exposed to Islamic spiritual therapy, and the second test group was exposed to cognitive-behavioral therapy based on immunization training. received SIT and the control group did not receive any psychological treatment. The collected data were analyzed using statistical tests of covariance and its assumptions (Kalmogorov Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilks test and Levin test), post hoc Bonferroni test.

Results: The results of multivariate covariance analysis indicated that the spirituality of Islamic therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy based on stress immunity training (SIT), both on emotional dysfunction and pain self-efficacy have a significant effectiveness compared to the control group, but the spiritual method of Islamic therapy compared to the cognitive-behavioral therapy group Re is based on immunization training in emotional failure (F=11.058) and pain self-efficacy (F=32.050), the effect of trust (P≤0.01).

Conclusion:  Considering the available findings, it seemed that SIT, despite emphasizing irrational thoughts, replacing them with efficient cognitions, and equipping the patient with a complete treasure of skills was less effective than Islamic therapeutic spirituality in reducing negative thoughts in stomach cancer patients. Therefore, these psychological interventions can be important and have clinical applications as an independent or complementary approach along with drug treatments in gastric cancer patients. Therefore, it is possible to take practical action by teaching Islamic spiritual therapy to improve their emotional inadequacy and self-efficacy.

 

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Background & aim: Human lifestyle has made significant progress, but these advances have caused changes in lifestyle and social relationships and the emergence of various disorders, especially depression. In today's era, depression has negatively affected the lives of millions of people around the world, especially women. These challenges; This provided the ground to identify and localize the newest treatments for depression; Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of treatment methods based on the self system therapy(SST) and cognitive-behavioral therapy mixed with spirituality-religion on women's stable depression symptoms.
Methods: This study is a semi-experimental type with pre-test, post-test and follow-up. The statistical population was all women with persistent depression in Isfahan city. Therefore, 36 people were selected by available and targeted sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The research tool is Cornell Dystime Questionnaire. For both treatment methods, 10 separate treatment sessions were defined and implemented based on protocols and treatment structure. The collected data were analyzed using analysis of covariance or ANCOVA tests..
Results: Based on Dystime Questionnaire (with a range of 0 to 80), the average depression of women in the pre-test stage in all groups was estimated to be around 68. The results of therapeutic interventions showed that both therapeutic methods reduce stable depression and have a significant level of 0.026. On the other hand, the effectiveness difference of 0.141 in both treatments showed that these results are significantly different from zero and this difference is not statistically random. Based on this, the level of effectiveness of the two methods was estimated differently in the statistical population, so that the treatment based on the system itself was evaluated more than the religion-spirituality method.
Conclusion: Conclusion: The results of this research showed that both treatment methods have reduced the persistent depression of women, but the treatment he self system therapy(SST)  has been more effective; Therefore, it can be recommended that this method is more beneficial for persistent depression, especially that this treatment is structured and provided specifically for depression.