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Introduction & Objective: There are several indicators for determination of health status and one of the most important one is birth weight of newborns which is connected to nutrition quality, care during pregnancy, maternal health quality, growth trend, and natural development. The aim of this study was to find out the effect of maternal risk factors, especially domestic violence, on birth weight of infants in Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad during 2004-2005. Material & Methods: This is a prospective case control study. The case group consisted of 318 mothers having infants with birth weight less than 2500 and the control group consisted of 318 mothers having normal weight at birth. This study curried on the regions urban and rural Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad province from march to September 2005. Data were collected using a questionnaire and via interview. Statistical analysis was performed using T test, ، binary logistic regression, especially multiple logistic regression models. Results: The mean of birth weight was 2217±324g in case group and 3390 ±392g in control group and the mean of birth height was 46.7±4cm in case group and 49.7 ±3 cm in control group. In multiple regression model, five variables showed significant correlation with birth weight which were include: multiparus [OR = 50, CI (6.5 – 84.3)], gestational age (weeks) [OR = 5.9, CI (2.69 – 12.92)], interval between pregnancy (year) [OR = 0.46, CI (0.29 – 0.72)], birth order [OR = 0.38, CI (0.25 – 0.57)], physical violence [OR = 3, CI (2 – 4.21)]. Conclusion: A strong correlation was found between gestational ages of pregnancy with LOW. The mean of birth weight rise with increasing of birth order. Considering the type of violence, only physical violence in multiple logistic regression models had a statically significant relationship with low birth weight.

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ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Cardiovascular diseases have been known as the first cause of morbidity and mortality in Iran and many other countries. The noise of workplace and the shift work are among the risk factors of these diseases. This study was conducted to assess the relationship between different occupations and risk factors of heart diseases. Materials & Methods: This study was done on 4872 men and women, ageed over 19, in Isfahan. For each subject a questionnaire was filled in order to collect necessary information about the anthropometric characteristics and some cardiovascular risk factors and clinical tests were done in order to determine the status of participants' blood factors. Men were divided according to the noise of workplace and the shift work nonـ shift work, and women were divided based on whether they were housekeepers or not. Results: Results of this study showed that in men with highـnoise workplace, the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia (p=0.02) and hypertension (p=0.01) was more than others but there was not any significant difference in other risk factors. Also in subjects with shift work, the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia (p=0.03) and obesity (p=0.001) was high whereas there was not any significant difference in other risk factors. In housekeeping women mean value of waist circumference (p=0.001), body mass index BMI (p=0.000) serum triglyceride (p=0.000), cholesterol (p=0.0001), LDL cholesterol (p=0.001), 2hpp (p=0.001), diastole blood pressure (p=0.001), systole blood pressure (p=0.01) and also the prevalence of obesity (p=0.0001), high LDL cholesterol (p=0.001), hypertriglyceridemia (p=0.001), hypercholesterolemia (p=0.0001) and hypertension (p=0.003) were significantly higher than those in employed women. Conclusion: Considering the result of this study, the noise of workplace causes increase in the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension and the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and obesity increased because of the shift work. It seems that two factors of noise and shift work cause these changes by inducing stress. Housekeepers had a high level of most of the CVD risk factors in comparison with employed women. It seems that two factors of noise and shift work by producing stress and reduction of physical activity in housekeepers can prone the subject to CVD.

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ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: It has been noted that the myocardial infarction is an increasing episode in Islamic Republic of Iran and there are many procedures and methods which can help to reduce the number of death from this ongoing event. The aim of this study was to determine the survival rate in those patients who have had acute myocardial infarction and its association with different variables. Materials & Methods: This descriptive analytic study evaluates 111 cases of acute myocardial infarction admitted in Yasuj Imam Sajjad hospital during the year 2004 and 2005. Data were collected using a questionnaire which was completed through direct interviewing by trained personnel. The data were analyzed by standard statistical tests using SPSS software. Results: The mean age of patients was 57± 12 years. The mean time of having access to physician after MI was 4 ± 2.2 hours. The mean time of reaching hospital after physician order was 5 ± 4.9 hours. The mean time of hospitalization was 4 ± 1.67 days. Considering the past history of these patients revealed that 31 percent were smokers, 16 percent had the history of previous ischemic heart disease, 63 percent had hypertension, 8 percent had diabetes mellitus, 95 percent had clip I, 95 percent had no previous block, 82 percent had MI with Q wave. The survival rate in our study was found to be 0.91 in the first 10 hours, 0.847 in the first day, 0.829 in the first 28 days, 0.820 in the first third months, 0.792 in the first six months and 0.771 in the first 10 months of disease. Conclusion: The mortality rate during the first month among the patients with heart failure turned out to be higher than that of the other similar studies performed in other parts of the country however, the annual survival rate proved to be less. The most important causes of survival after the stroke are being single, smoking, fatness and angina pain

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ABSTRACT Introduction & Objective: The first days of life has the highest risk in everyone’s life and the mortality rate in these days is equal to the mortality rate of the whole life. One of the causes of mortality in these days is birth injuries. Determining the type and incidence of birth injuries and their risk factors can be useful in reducing the mortality rate in neonates. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive analytical study, 2005 neonates who were born in Imam Sajad Hospital in Yasouj/ Iran, between the years 2005 to 2006 were studied. The rate of birth injuries and their risk factors were evaluated. Collected data were analysed by SPSS software using chi-squar test. Results: Out of 2005 neonates, 70.4% born by NVD and 29.6% by cesarian section. The study showed that 10.8% of NVD and 3.7% of cesarian section neonates had birth injuries. Two hundered and four of these injuries which occured in 175 of neonates were incude: capute succedaneom (36.7%), sub conjectival hemorrhage (27.9%), cephal hematoma (10.2%), facial erythema and abrasion (8.8%), facial echymosis (6.3%), hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (3.4%), brachial plexus palsy (3.4%), clavicular fractures (1.4%), facial nerve palsy (0.4%) and other skin lesions (0.9%). Risk factors were included NVD (difficult vaginal delivery), high gestation age, and low Apgar score at first minute of life, shoulder dystocia, vacuum and birth at night. Conclusion: The present study revealed that the incidence of birth injuries in this area is high. Considering the serious complications of birth injuries and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy with no treatment for some cases, it seems that using the preventing methods to reduce the prevalence of birth injuries is nessesary

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Introduction & Objective: Unwanted pregnancies and its complications are one of the most important global problems related to mothers. The aim of the present study was to determine the factors affecting unwanted pregnancies in urban areas of the Kohgiloyeh and Boyer Ahmad province. Materials & Methods: In this case – control study conducted at Yasuj University of Medical Sciences in 2008 ,350 women were chosen as the case group, and 700 women as the control group. During the study, data collection forms were completed by each group. Subsequently, the collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 16 by using the logistic regression, univariate, and multivariate analysis. Results: According to the results of univariate analysis, the variables husband’s education in primary school , age of the last child under one, uncertain prevention methods and receiving means of prevention from the private sector revealed that significant differences existed between the two groups (P Value<0/05). Finally, the multivariate analysis beetwen husband education variables, age of the last child , prevention methods, and receiving a contraceptive device, a significant correlation was observed with unwanted pregnancy(P Value<0/05). Conclusion: Results of this study determined that three variables (contraceptive method, the place of obtaining means, and level of her husband education) are the most important variables which affect the chance of increasing of unwanted pregnancy in users of contraceptive methods.

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Background & Aim: A number of different factors including social and economic status have been reported for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. The purpose of this study was to examine the serological prevalence of H. pylori infection as well as its associated factors among the students of Islamic Azad University of Gachsaran. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in which all of the students employed to the study were attending the academic year 2010-2011 at the Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran Branch. Subjects of this study were 272 students who were selected by cluster random sampling. The data collection instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire prepared in two parts for demographic data and risk factors associated with Helicobacter infection. Its content validity was obtained using review of the existing literature and resources as well as experts' poll on the subject. Reliability of the questionnaire was approved by performing test-retest. Information about the serological status of Helicobacter infection were collected using the ELISA method to measure IgG antibody titers by taking 5 ml of venous blood. The collected data were analyzed through the statistical software SPSS version 16, using descriptive statistics and statistical test such as chi-square and t student test. Results: The mean of antibody titer to Helicobacter infection was 32.75± 28.30 (range 1.40-127). Anti-Helicobacter antibody was detected in 67.6% of students while 16.8% of them were negative for anti-Helicobacter antibody and borderline antibody levels were detected in 15.6% of the subjects. No statistically significant differences were found between the seroprevalence of Helicobacter and factors such as age, sex, blood type, family income, numbers of family members, the status of cigarettes smoking and alcohol consumption, history of gastrointestinal disorder in subjects or their families and personal hygiene behaviors (hand washing prior to meal and post bowel movement) (p>0.05). Conclusions: Serological prevalence of infection with Helicobacter infection was high among the students studying at Gachsaran Islamic Azad University therefore it calls for the attention of the health authorities.

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Background and aim: The risk of cardiovascular disease in women increases after menopause. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise at moderate intensity levels of cystatin C  and some cardiovascular risk factors in inactive postmenopausal women.

Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 24 sedentary postmenopausal women (50-65 years) were  randomly divided into two experimental groups (n=14) and control group (n=10) groups. The experimental groups performed an aerobic training with 65 to 75% of maximum heart rate , 3 days per week for 10 weeks. Body fat percentage and serum levels of cystatine C with high sensitivity, C-reactive protein, HDL, LDL, triglyceride, cholesterol and blood pressure were measured at baseline and after training. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance test.  

Results: No significant difference was seen  after performing aerobic training on serum levels of cystatin C (p=0.761), C-reactive protein with high sensitivity (p=0.378), triglyceride (p=0.48)   ), high-density lipoprotein (p=0.54), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p=0.86), cholesterol (p=0.67), percent body fat (p=0.57) between the two groups. There was no significant difference between control and experimental groups in the variable maximal oxygen uptake (p = 0.035) and systolic blood pressure (p =0.04).

Conclusion: It seems that short-term aerobic training have no effet on serum levels of cystatin c and some moderate-intensity cardiovascular risk factors like reactive protein C, total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins, lipoprotein help disabled density and blood pressure in  in inactive postmenopausal women.

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ABSTRACT
 
Background & aim: Nowadays, despite the emergence of newer antimicrobial agents, sepsis remains as a major cause of mortality and disease in neonates. Sepsis is an infection proven by blood culture that can be created from various sources in admitted neonates and increased length of stay, impose heavy costs on the health system and be more pathogenic; therefore, is very important in clinical studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the causative organisms involved in sepsis and risk factors for neonatal infection.
 
Methods: This longitudinal analytic study was done in duration of 8 months on 100 neonates with suspected late-onset sepsis in the neonatal and NICU ward of Imam Sajad Hospital of Yasuj, Iran. The neonates’ blood cultures and risk factors involved in sepsis were evaluated. Due to negative blood cultures obtained, patients with a clinical syndrome SIRS criteria were considered as suspected cases of late sepsis. Chi-square test was performed for the association between potential risk factors and severity of nosocomial infections. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS software and Chi-square test.
 
Results:از میان کشت ‌های خون فرستاده شده از بیماران که 61 ‌( ‌ ‌% ‌) ‌مورد پسر و 39 ‌( ‌ ‌%)مورد دختر بودند، ‌بجز یک مورد کشت خون مثبت اولیه با استافیلوکوک ارئوس ‌، ‌هیچ کشت خون مثبتی گزارش نشد. ‌از میان بیماران انتخاب شده 57 مورد ‌(57 ‌% ‌)، ‌کمتر از 37 هفته و 43 مورد ‌( ‌ ‌% ‌) ‌بیشتراز 37 هفته بودند که در‌این بیماران ،نارس ی ارتباط معنی داری ‌( p‌=‌ ‌‌) ‌از نظر ابتلا به سپسیس داشت. ‌از میان بیماران هنگام بستری 78 مورد ‌( ‌ ‌% ‌)، ‌سن بستری کمتر از 24 ساعت داشتند که ارتباط معنی داری ‌( ‌= 0.01 ) Of 100  culture samples  only 1 positive blood culture with Staphylococcus aureus was identified. SIRS syndrome was confirmed in 61 patients, of which 47 cases with two criteria and 14 cases were diagnosed with three criteria in this clinical situation. In the statistical analysis, patient examination more than three times in 24 hours (P = 0.026) had significant statistical correlation with SIRS criteria in neonates.
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Conclusion: In hospitals that employ of artificial media to identify the blood culture proven sepsis should be not satisfied as the only way out. The most important risk factor for late-onset sepsis in this study, high contact with patients for clinical examination is presented.
 
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Background & aim: Traumatic pandemics have been repeated periodically in human kind history. Covid 19 or coronavirus is one of the last and most pervasive until yet. Adherence to quarantine and attention to health related protocols are the most effective strategies for prevention from this pandemic and therefore warranting the social health. Therefore the recognition of effective and associated factors in this area is important. The present study was designed to assess quarantine and health related protocols adherence and some related factors.
 
Methods: The present study was conducted by internet questionnaires via social networks on 202 participants during quarantine days in January 2020.In the present study, one researcher made questionnaire and NEO5 personality questionnaire were used to assess aimed factors. Data were analyzed using SPSS.
 
Results: According to the results of the study, about 67% of people over 75 adhered to the principles of quarantine and 72% adhered to the same guidelines. On the other hand, the results showed that in both fields (adherence to quarantine at the level of 0.06 and observance of instructions 0.001 were significant) women had higher scores than men. Accordingly, the urban population had a higher score than the rural population in the amount of investment to fight the corona and follow the announcement of the trustees. In terms of investment, married people had a higher score (significance 0.04). Regarding age, only the rate of participation in voluntary activities by the group of 20 to 35 years was almost significantly different (0.06). The results correspondingly revealed that the literacy variable in these behaviors, especially the willingness to invest (significant 0.03) and following the instructions of trustees (0.04) had a significant difference which had higher scores in both doctoral and higher literacy. In the field of job variability, the results indicated that the treatment staff reported the highest score in adherence to the principles. In addition, no significant relationship was observed between personality traits and adherence to the two mentioned issues.
 
Conclusions: This study revealed that the rate of quarantine and observance of hygienic principles was higher than most reports elsewhere. On the other hand, the degree of quarantine adherence and observance of health principles had a significant relationship with the variables of gender, residence, age, occupation, education and marriage and there was no significant relationship in terms of personality traits.
 
 

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Background & aim: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is one of the common cardiovascular diseases caused by the formation of clots in deep veins. The aim of this study was to determine the relative frequency of the risk factors of lower limb deep vein thrombosis in patients referred to teaching hospitals of Yasuj, Iran, from 2013 to 2014.

Methods: The present retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2020. The participants of  study included 277 cases of DVT patients hospitalized in teaching hospitals of Yasuj, Iran. Furthermore, patients' characteristics such as age, sex, heart disease, kidney disease, smoking, congenital coagulation problems, history of DVT, use of oral contraceptives (OCP), history of cancer, limb fracture without surgery, diabetes, liver disease, blood pressure, use of catheter and length of stay in ICU were collected using a checklist. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software and chi-square test.

Results: The results of the present study indicated that 50.9% of DVT patients were women and 49.1% were men, and no statistically significant difference were observed between the two groups. The distribution of the frequency of people with DVT according to age group revealed that among the age groups of referring patients, the age range of above 50 years and the age range between 40 to 50 had the highest frequency, respectively. The frequency distribution of patients with DVT according to heart disease indicated that 13% of patients with DVT showed heart disease and 87% did not indicate heart disease. Out of a total of 277 patients studied, 7.9% had kidney problems and 92.1% had no sign of kidney problems. Furthermore, 40.8% of patients indicated high blood pressure and 59.2% did not show high blood pressure.

Conclusion: The results of the present study revealed that among the risk factors for the occurrence of DVT of the lower limbs, a history of heart disease, old age, kidney problems and blood pressure in the studied patients were indicators. On the other hand, other risk factors examined in the present study were trivial and and were not observed in the participants of the present study.

 

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Background & aim: Asthma is the most common chronic disease in children, the prevalence of which is steadily increasing all over the world. Five to ten percent of patients suffer from severe disease which leads to limitation in daily activities and sleep disorder as well as repeated attacks. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine and investigate the relationship between asthma risk factors and disease severity in children with asthma aged between 7 and 12 years of age.

Methods: The present cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 200 asthmatic children aged 7-12 years of age referred to the Asthma and Allergy Clinics of Urmia University of Medical Sciences during 2019-2020 using a simple random sampling method. The data collection checklist included four sections; demographic information, birth, body mass index and asthma. According to the National Asthma of Australia, the severity of asthma was divided into three categories: mild, moderate and severe. Clinical symptoms included: shortness of breath, cough during day and at night, as well as daily symptoms were considered. Frequency of use of inhaled beta agonists were recorded. Forced expiratory volume was as well calculated. Collected data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, chi-square and Spearman tests.

Results: The mean age of the participants was 8.8±2.1, 53.5% of children had mild asthma, 34.5% had moderate asthma, and 12% had severe asthma. There was a significant relationship between the severity of asthma and body mass index, age of birth and type of delivery in girls and boys with asthma (p>0.001). The most common clinical symptoms were cough (48.06%) and shortness of breath(9.95%) that 16.28% of these symptoms were reported during walking and at night and 13.83% on a daily basis. The use of inhaled beta agonist was reported in 32% of cases as less than 2 times a week. 53.5% of children had forced expiratory volume above 80%.

Conclusion: Asthma severity is high among children with high body mass index and born by caesarean section, and correspondingly in children born prematurely, the severity of asthma was moderate or severe. Therefore, it is recommended to consider the mentioned factors in the clinical examinations of children and to consider methods to reduce obesity for obese children with asthma.

 

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Background & aim: Hookah use not only affects the physical and mental health of the individual, but also the health of other members of society. Studies indicate that hookah use has increased across age and gender groups. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of hookah use and its associated factors in individuals aged 35 to 70 years.

Methods: The present prospective descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on residents of Dena County, Iran, from 2016 to 2019. In the first phase of the study, 3630 people participated, and the data collected through experiments, questionnaires, and interviews were used in the registration phase of the Dena Cohort Study. This study is a population-based study and part of a prospective study that is being conducted in 18 regions of Iran. The collected data were analyzed using chi-square and logistic regression statistical tests.

Results: The study findings revealed that the prevalence rate of hookah use was 24% in total, which accounted for 28.30% and 18.3% in women and men, respectively (p<0.001). Over 24% of the study population similarly used to smoke cigarettes. The frequency of cigarette smoking in the male participants was 54.40%, which was higher than that in females(1.60%) (p<0.001). The logistic regression outcomes further indicated that the major sociodemographic risk factors contributing to hookah use in this region were the age range under 35, being divorced, unemployment, low educational attainment, low income, as well as chronic diseases like diabetes and depression.

Conclusion: The prevalence rate of hookah smoking in the study population was found to be high. The present study correspondingly demonstrated that unemployment and low educational attainment were the most significant risk factors affecting hookah use. Additionally, the prevalence rate of hookah smoking was higher in low-income families. As a result, implementing interventions and preventive measures to deal with this complicated social problem was of utmost importance.