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Abstract Background and aim: Zonisamide is an inhibitor for glutamate neurotransmitter and gamma aminobutiric acid (GABA)-mediators. It also increases the total levels of serotonin. According to the importance of this drug in psychotherapy, its side effects on the endocrine system seem to be very important. This study was aimed to determine the effects of zonisamide on pituitary-gonad axis and spermatogenesis. Methods: In this experimental study, 50 adult male Wistar rats were divided in five groups of ten. The control group did not receive any medical treatment. The sham group received 1 ml distilled water as a solvent and three experimental groups were treated with 50, 100, 200 mg/ kg of zonisamide orally for 28 days.At the day of 29, blood samples and preparation of tissue section were taken from all groups. Serum concentrations of hormones were measured via Radio Immuno Assay (RIA). Using the SPSS software, the results were analyzed by using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests. Results: The results showed that 100 and 200(mg/kg.b.w) of zonisamide could reduce the serum level of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), while it increased the LH concentration. It should be noted that 200(mg/kg.b.w) of drug also enhanced the FSH level (P<0/001). Also, a considerable decline was observed in spermatogenesis chain at high doses of zonisamide. Conclusion: This study showed that high doses of zonisamide decrease the serum concentration of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone and the number of spermatogenic cells. It also increased the serum FSH and LH levels. Therefore, it is proposed that zonisamide may decrease the function of reproductive activity. Key words: Zonisamide, Reproduction, Rat

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Background & aim: The adverse effect of chemical drugs such as dexamethasone as anti-inflammatory -steroidal drugs on different body systems and infertility and reproductive efficiency is of concern. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of dexamethasone on the reproductive system in male rats. Methods: In the present experimental study, fifty matured male mice were divided into five groups including control, placebo and three treatment groups. Control group had no injections, placebo group only received normal saline and treatments groups received dexamethasone (0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg) which was injected in peritoneum every other day for a period of twenty days. Their Testosterone was measured by ELISA and testes were dissected for histological examination. The data were analyzed using SPSS 11.5 software. Results: Significant increases were shown in FSH level in all three groups treated with dexamethasone. LH in treatment group of 0.1 mg/kg decreased, but at dose of 1 mg/kg increased significantly.Testosterone levels in a dose of 1 mg/kg significantly increased compared with the control group (p<0.05). However, testis weight, the rate of testicular germ cells, primary spermatocytes, epididymal sperm and fertility significantly increased in all three groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Dexamethasone had a negative effect on reproduction therefore, the use of this medication at different doses and time periods considers the possible complications beforehand. Keywords: .

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Background & aim: Healthy reproduction program help individuals maintain their health and improve family and community health by enabling them to make informed choices about their sexual and reproductive health. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the healthy reproduction program in Isfahan province. Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. 9600 married women aged 15-49 years enrolled study according to multi stage clustered stratified random sampling. Data collection was done via developed standard questionnaire by experts of ministry of health and medical education. Samples were been questioned by 177 trained health providers in their home. Data analysis was performed by SPSS 16 software using descriptive statistic. Results: Total coverage of contraceptive method use (modern and traditional) was 89.5% and modern contraceptive method coverage was 67.8%. The most and the least common used methods of contraception were condom (22%) and a-month contraceptive injection (0.6%).The most common cause of non-use contraceptive method was suspicious to pregnancy and pregnancy. The percentage of changing method over a year ago was 23.Unintended pregnancy and unmet need were 18% and 6.5%, respectively. Correct consumption of oral contraceptive pills and awareness of emergency contraception method were 57% and 52%, respectively.73.5% of women aged 15-49 years used governmental health care services and satisfaction rate was more than 90%. Conclusion: To decrease unwanted pregnancy and increase women’s knowledge about correct use of oral contraceptive and emergency contraceptive method, health care provider should pay special attention to contraceptive counseling to clients.

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Abstract

 

Background & aim: Formostontin is a non-steroidal phytostrogenic polyphenolic plant with estrogen-like properties found in some plants, including red clover. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of formostontin during pregnancy on the onset of puberty, estrus cycle, genital weights and their children's lordosis behavior.

 

Methods: In the present experimental study, twenty pregnant mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: control (non-treated), control (sesame oil) and the three experimental groups receiving formonotonin at doses of 5, 50 and 500 mg / kg body weight. . All of the prescriptions were administered intraperitoneally to pregnant mice from the 7th day of pregnancy to the end of pregnancy. Female children (6-8 = number) were examined for vaginal opening, estrus cycle, reproductive organs weight and lordosis behavior. Data were analyzed using Kolmogrov-Smirnov statistical tests, one way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test.

 

Results: The vaginal opening days were significantly higher in the 500 mg of formonotonin (p <0.01). The first estrus was significantly delayed in groups 50 (p <0.05) and 500 (p <0.01). A reduction in the number of estrous cycles and an increase in the duration of the estrous cycle was observed in group 500 (p <0.05) and diasteretic index increased in groups 50 (p <0.05) and 500 (p <0.01). Reduction in ovarian weight and reduction in the number of flesh in group 500 (p <0.05) and uterine weight gain (p <0.05) were observed in groups 50 and 500. In addition, increased concentrations of estradiol were observed in the groups 50 (p <0.05) and 500 (p <0.001), and LH level and lordosis reduction in group 500 (p <0.001) in comparison to the control group.

 

Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that the exposure of pregnant mice with Formentontin resulted in premature puberty, estrus cycle disorder, weight loss in sexual organs, and decreased sexual behavior in offspring of their female sex.