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Background & aim: As a communication technology, Wi-Fi allows electronic devices such as laptops to exchange data or connect to a network resource such as the Internet via a wireless network access point  using 2.4 GHz microwave radiation. However, with the exponential development of wireless communication technology, the public concern regarding the safety of this technology has increased rapidly. The main goal of this study was to assess the bio effects of duration of exposure of an animal model to 2.4 GHz microwave radiation emitted from a common Wi-Fi router on sperm quality.

Method: In the present experimental study, 84 male Wistar rats were used. The mice were randomly divided based on the duration of exposure to microwave radiation and distance to the modem into seven groups of 12. Group II rats were exposed to 2.4 GHz microwave radiation for 2 hours per day in term of 7 days at a distance of 30 cm from the router. The rats in this group were allowed to live for 53 days then sacrificed and semen samples analyzed. Rats in all the groups except group II, were sacrificed 30 min to 1 hr.After exposure. To analyze the results, The Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used.

Result: The average sperm with normal morphology, testes weight and number of spermatogonial cells after exposure to microwave radiation decreased. With increasing exposure time and reduce the distance to the modem, testis weight and the number of spermatogonia cells significantly reduced.

Conclusion: Beams of microwave radiation from Wi-Fi modems leads to sperm morphological changes and weight loss of testicular spermatogonia. With increasing exposure time and reduce the distance to the modem, testis weight and the number of spermatogonia cells significantly reduced.

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Abstract
 
Background & aim: Exposure to electromagnetic waves can lead to oxidative stress. On the other hand, the antioxidant system function of the body increases with regular exercise and reduces oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks aerobic training on oxidative stress markers in rats exposed to electromagnetic microwave radiation emitted from the Wi-Fi routers.
 
Methods: In this experimental study, 26 male Wistar rats (8 weeks old) with a weight range of 200±20 g were randomly divided into four groups including: control, radiation, exercise, and radiation + training. The main training program consisted of 8 weeks (one session a day and five days a week) running on a treadmill for animals at 40 to 60% max speed, and the protocol included one hour of exposure to a 45.2 GHz rays of Wi-Fi modem for 8 weeks. Before and 48 hours after the main interventions, blood samples were taken from all groups. Plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) levels were measured by ELISA and validated by MDA and MDA kits with TBA method. Data was analyzed using one way ANOVA, Tukey and T-test.
 
Results: The results of one-way ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference among the different groups in the study. Eight weeks of exposure to Wi-Fi radiation caused a decrease in plasma levels of SOD and GPx and an increase in MDA. On the other hand, eight weeks of aerobic exercise increased plasma levels SOD and GPx, and reduced MDA. Tukey's test showed that there was a significant difference between SOD and GPx in all groups, except for those with radiation + (p = 0.099 and p = 0.073). In MDA, the difference was significant among all groups, except for the aerobic group + aerobic training group with aerobic training and control groups (p = 0.331 and p = 0.717). The results of t-test showed a significant difference between pre-test and post-test of all variables in the research.
 
Conclusion: It seems that regular aerobic exercise exercises can have beneficial effects on the antioxidant system and modulate the oxidative stress indices induced by the Wi-Fi radiation.