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Introduction & Objective: Consumption of plant derived antioxidant contributes to reducing risks of certain chronic and degenerative diseases. The aim of the present study was to study the antioxidant activities and total phenolic of Artemisia Martima, Achillea Millefolium and Matricaria Recutica Materials & Methods: The present study was conducted at Yasuj University of Medical Sciences in 2009. The Stem and flower sample of plants were air-dried, and then grinded and were finally extracted by ethanol: water (70: 30) for 48 h in room temperature. Extracts were filtered and dried under vacuum system. The antioxidant activity of three ethanol extract of the medicinal plants, Artemisia martima, Achillea millefolium and Matricaria recutica, were analyzed by five different methods (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2, 20azinobis- (3-ethylbenzthiazoline -6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical cation,Ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), phosphomolybdenum (PMB) and reducing power ( RP). In addition, for determination of antioxidant components, the total phenolic content was also analyzed. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS software. Results: For all antioxidant activity assays, Artemisia martima had the highest antioxidant activity value and also total phenol content. Antioxidant capacity analyses revealed that the FRAP and DPPH had comparable results. Antioxidant activity at 1 mg/mL, in ABTS were in the order Artemisia martima> Achillea millefolium> Matricaria recutica. Similar trend was observed for PMB content. RP, FRAP and DPPH were in the order Artemisia martima> Matricaria recutica > Achillea millefolium . Conclusion: The extracts showed a variety of antioxidant activities in all antioxidant assay system. This study demonstrated that Artemisia martima crude extract exhibit significant antioxidant activity.

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Background & Aim: Antioxidants are compounds that protect the body against damage caused by oxidative stress. This study evaluated the antioxiadant properties of vegetables consumed in Yasouj, Iran. Methods: In this experimental study conducted at Yasouj University of Medical Sciences in 2010, the samples (parsley, coriander, spinach, tomato, and eggplant) were collected from the village of Imam Zadeh Jafar and Yasouj. Their methanol extracts were prepared, then total phenol and flavonoids were assessed by Folin-Ciocalteu and Zyshen methods respectively. The antioxidant activities of the plants were estimated by using Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), Ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), phosphomolybdat, and nitric oxide. The collected data were analyzed by the SPSS software (version 17) using one-way ANOVA. Results: parsley and eggplant had the highest and lowest amount of total phenol respectively, while spinach and eggplant had the most and the least amount of flavonoids respectively. Antioxidant activity of coriander and tomato were maximum and minimum by diphenylpicrylhydrazyl method respectively. In both FRAP and TEAC methods, spinach and tomato had the highest and lowest antioxidant activity respectively. By the nitric oxide assay, coriander had the highest and spinach had the lowest amount, while spinach had the highest antioxidant activity according to Phosphomolybdat method. Conclusion: This study showed that spinach and coriander had the highest antioxidant activity.

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Abstract Background & aim: Anti-oxidant compounds prevent prevalence of chronic diseases and food spoiling. The aim of this study was to evaluate the total phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of beech and oak barks. Methods: In this experimental study, the skin of beech and oak trees were prepared and then acetone extraction was obtained using Soxhle method. At the beginning, total phenol and flavonoid of extracts were determined and the anti-oxidant properties of the extracts were then evaluated by three methods (methods Biphenyl Pykryl Hydrosol, regenerative power produced- and nitric oxide). Results: The amount of phenolic was higher in bark of beech trees, but flavonoids were higher in oaks. The result of test to trap free radicals of Biphenyl Pykryl Hydrazyl showed the inhibitory concentration 50% of acetone extract of the bark of beech and oak, were 92.19 and 33.7 mg/L respectively. Beech extracts had greater regenerative power than oak. In Nitric oxide trap test acetone extract inhibited 50% in bark of beech trees was 98/23 and the oak extract was 92/90 mg/L respectively. Conclusion: Acetone extract of the bark in three models showed varying degrees of anti - oxidant activity. Beech extract had better antioxidant activity compared with oak extract. Key words: Anti-oxidant Activity, Phenols, Flavonoids, Beech, Oak

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Background & aim: Olive leaf extract can be used as a rich source of the polyphenolic antioxidant. The present study aimed to compare the amount of phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of five varieties of Iranian olive leaf hydro alcholic extract .

Methods: In the present experimental study, leaves of five Iranian olives  which are raised in five different regions in Iran (Dezfooli variety in gachsaran, Dehghan variety in the region Nurabad mamasani, Shenge variety in kazeron, Shirazi variety in Shiraz, Feshomi vareity in Roodbar in Gilan region) was collected. All samples were prepared in spring, then dried in the shade at 28-26 ^°C . Hydroalcholic extract was obtained with 70% ethanol with maceration method for 24 hours at a temperature of 40-37 ^°C.Total phenol contents ( Folin-Ciocalteu)  and, Flavonoids ( zishen) was determined.  Antioxidant activity of the olive leaves extract was evaluated by radical scavenging DPPH method and vitamin C applied as standard .Data were analyzed by the SPSS software (version 21) and significant level (P˂0.05) and 95% confidence intervals were considered.

Results: The total phenol and flavonoid content were different in five varieties of olive leaf extract. The highest level of total phenol and flavonoids were reported (212.54 ± 3 in Dezfooli olive variety) (900.13±3.28 Shirazi olive variety).  Respectively. The antioxidant activity was different in all vareity. Dezfooli olive variety have the highest antioxidant activity (%71.27) and Shirazi olive variety (%37.29) had the least antioxidant activity with DPPH method. The high relationship was found between the total phenol and antioxidant activity in extracts.

Conclusion:  Antioxidant activity, total phenol and flavonoid content were different in each plant extract and a high correlation was found between total phenol and Antioxidant activity

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Background & aim: Nano phenol (NP) is known to be an environmental contaminant and an immunosuppressant agent, which has adverse effects on sex cell’s nucleus, inducing stress, oxidative stress and reducing fertility. The aim of the present study was to determine the protective role of Satureja khozestanica as an antioxidant on the growth process of fetuses resulting from in-vitro fertilization following Nano phenol administration.

Methods: In the present experimental study conducted in 2016, 40 mature female mice, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 20-25 grams, were randomly divided into 4 equal groups. The control  group received corn oil orally and the test groups were treated with NP (225mg/kg), khozestanica essential essence (225 mg/kg), NP(225mg/kg) + khozestanica essential essence (225mg/kg) for 28 consecutive days orally by gavages.  PMSG and HCG were administrated for stimulating the superovulation process. The sperms were obtained from 6 mature male mice. Following oocyte collection in-vitro fertilizing was performed using HTF+4mgBSA medium. The fertilized oocytes were incubated for 120 hours and the embryo development were studied. Two proportion test was used for statistical analyses. (p<0.05).

Results: A significant decrease in all quality parameters of oocyte and embryo, fertilization percentage (65.96), percentage of two-celled embryos (64.52) and blastocyst (29.03) were observed in the Nano Phenol group in comparison with the control group. Prescribing khozestanica essential essence was able to prevent the adverse effects of nanoparticles on the maturity of oocytes and cause a significant increase in the quality and number of oocytes. Due to the antioxidant and androgenic effects of khozestanica essential essence, its administration together with Nano phenol was able to prevent reproductive toxicity and significantly increase the fertilization rate (95.83), do cellulite (86/96), blast cyst (6/57).
 
Conclusion: Co-administration of the khozestanica essential essence with Nanophenol reduced toxic effects on the number and oocyte’s quality, in-vitro fertilization potential, improved the embryo development, and reduced the arrested embryo.
 

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Background & aim: The study of medicinal plants in order to discover new medicinal sources against microbial infections in recent years has received much attention. The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of aquatic and ethanolic extracts of redheads on some gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
 
Methods: The present experimental study was conducted in 2018 at BuAli Sina University. The Maceration method and solvent of water and ethanol at a ratio of 1 to 5 was used for extraction. The total phenolic contents of the extracts were measured by Folin-ciocalteau method. Then, the amount of cichoric acid of purple coneflower was determined using by high performance liquid chromatography. Antioxidant activity of different concentration of extracts were assessed by diphenyl picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity and compared with synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT). The micro-organisms investigated in the present study were:  Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Listeria innocua, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium and Shigella flexneri. The antimicrobial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts was tested by pour plate, agar well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) methods. Also interaction of these extracts was also studied by FIC_index determination using modified dilution checkboard method. Experimental data were analyzed using ANOVA by the SPSS version 20 software and mean comparison were done using the t-test and Duncan's multiple range test.
 
Results: The results indicated that the ethanolic extract had the highest total phenolic content and cichoric acid. The ability of purple coneflower aqueous and ethanolic extracts in scavenging free radicals was found to be higher in the ethanolic extract with a concentration of 3000 μg/ml. The aqueous extract of purple coneflower at the concentrations of 25 and 50 mg/ml has no inhibitory effect on gram negative bacteria growth. The maximum diameter of inhibition zone of aqueous or ethanolic extracts of this plant in a concentration of 400 mg/ml pertained to the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. The minimum zone diameter in this concentration was associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Furthermore, purple coneflower extracts showed greater inhibitory effect on gram positive bacteria in comparison with gram negative bacteria. Also the results showed that ethanolic extract had greater inhibitory effects on the strains studied compared to aqueous extract. The MIC of purple coneflower ethanolic extract ranged from 16 to 256 mg/ml, depending on the type of bacteria (gram positive or gram negative).
 
Conclusion: These findings revealed that ethanolic extract of purple coneflower has antimicrobial effects on gram positive bacteria and can substitute for chemical preservatives. Also according to the results of this study, further research on the antimicrobial compounds of the purple coneflower is suggested to be used in the treatment of infectious diseases.
 
 

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Background & aim: Milk is a dairy product which is susceptible to contamination by pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms. One way to control the growth of pathogenic bacteria is to use preservatives and antimicrobial compounds. Due to the general concerns about the side effects of chemical preservatives, there is a tendency to consume products that use natural preservatives. Natural products provide unlimited opportunities for novel and suitable additives. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of hydro-ethanolic extract of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) against some gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria innocua) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and the next stage was to investigate the impact of hydro-ethanolic extract of this plant at 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75% (w/w) concentrations on the shelf life of pasteurized milk.

Methods: The present experimental study was conducted in 2022 at Nahavand Higher Education Complex. The total phenolic content of the extract was measured by Folin-ciocalteau method. Antioxidant activity of different concentration of extract were assessed by diphenyl picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity and compared with synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxyl anisole (BHA). Antibacterial effects of resemary on pathogenic bacteria was determined by well diffusion agar, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) methods. Experimental data were analyzed using ANOVA by the SPSS version 20 software and mean comparison were done using Duncan's multiple range test.

Results: The phenolic content of hydro-ethanolic extract weas 96.47±0.35 mg galic acid/g extract. Hydro-ethanolic extract of rosemary had the greatest effect on Staphylococcus aureus. The MIC of rosemary ethanolic extract ranged from 12.5 to 50 mg/ml, depending on the type of bacteria (gram positive or gram negative). Also, the treatments of pasteurized milk with 0.5%, acceptable sensory properties had a significantly lower total microbial count and longer shelf life compared to the control sample.

Conclusion: Therefore, considering that the hydro-ethanolic extract of rosemary had a significant effect on preventing the growth of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, as a result, this extract can be used as a natural antibiotic in milk.