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Background and purpose: in recent years, in order to improve power, speed, the increase in the volume of the musculature, preventing sports injuries and maintain the muscle performance athletes use from different resistance exercises and food supplements. In this regard, present study has been conducted with the aim of comparison the influence of an 8 week period consumption of creatine (2 gr.kg-1.day-1 in 1st week and 0.48 gr.kg-1.day-1during 2nd to 8th weeks) and glutamine (1 gr.kg-1.day-1 from first to eighth weeks) along with resistance exercise on level of ALP of female mice. Materials and methods: This experimental study was done on 80 Small adult female mice of Surrey species (28 ± 5 gram). The animals were randomly divided into 8 groups of: resistance exercise, resistance exercise + creatine, resistance exercise + glutamine, resistance exercise + glutamine + creatine, creatine, glutamine, creatine + glutamine and control groups (N= 10). Resistance exercise (5 days a week) was including: climbing (4 sets, 5 times repetition with two minutes rest between the sets) from a ladder (with the height of one meter and including 26 steps) and bearing 30 percent of the weight of the Mouse body (hanging from tail) in the first week and the increasing it up to 200 percent of body weight till the last week of the experiment. During 48 hours after the last practice session of resistance exercise, the blood sample was taken and the the level of ALP has been measured. Findings:The results showed that the level of ALP enzyme in creatine + glutamine + resistance exercise groug had been increased in comparison with the control group (144.3 ± 15.86 in comparison with 234.7 ± 25.69 U.L-1 P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this research indicate Creatine and Glutamine supplementation consumption along with resistance exercise increases in the level of ALP enzyme in the liver of mice.

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Background: The anti-inflammatory effects of Cynodon dactylon have been determined in some previous studies. Nevertheless, there is no comprehensive study about immunomodulatory effects of C. dactylon. The present study was performed to investigate the modulatory effects of C. dactylonon macrophages functions of NMRI mice.

Methods: This survey was an experimental intervention study. The  study  population  consisted  of  14  male  NMRI  mice  randomly  categorized  into  3 treatment groups and one control group (each group was contained 10 mice). Mice in treatment groups received hydroalcoholic extract of C. dactylon for 3 constitutive weeksin different doses (100,200 and 400 mg/Kg- every day, orally). Control mice received PBS at the same volume. At the end of study, macrophages isolated from peritoneal cavity of mice and the neutral red uptake, respiratory burst after challenge with tetra phorbol acetate and respiratory burst after challenge with opsonized yeast were evaluated in these population. Data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA plus Turkey’s test. P values of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results: The results of stimulation of macrophages with ester of phorbol showed a significant increase in respiratory burst of macrophages isolated from treatment groups compared to control mice (p<0.01). Nevertheless, when macrophages challenged with opsonized yeast, there was no significant difference between groups .Moreover, the results of neutral red uptake by macrophages didn’t show any significant difference between macrophages of control and treatment groups.

Conclusion: However, the hydroalcoholic extract of C. dactylon caused a significant decrease in the production of the potentially harmful free radical, but it could not interfere with the function of macrophages after challenge with a real infection.

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Background & aim: Carotenoids have received much attention due to their conversion to vitamin A in the body, reducing the risk of destructive diseases, antioxidant activity, improving immune function and their application as edible colors.
Methods: In this quasi-experimental study conducted in 2018, 24 male albino mice were included in the study and randomly divided into 3 groups of 8. The two groups received 32 mg/kg and 16 mg/kg carotenoids peritoneally. The control group received 0.5 ml of distilled water intraperitoneally, then blood sampling was performed and liver health in mice was assessed by measuring the GGT, ALP, SGOT and SGPT factors. The obtained results were analyzed using analysis of variance and Anova statistical tests in SPSS21 software.
Results: In this study, the amount of carotenoids isolated from the yeast of Rhodoturola glutenis was equal to 0.1 mg/L and the results of the related food industry with a purity of: 12.21 mg%, moisture content of 18 mg/L, ash. Total: 9.6 mg percent, volatiles: 9.8 mg percent, acid number 7.3 mg percent and pH: 5.5 was stated. The mean activity of SGOT, SGPT, ALP in the 32 and 16mg/kg injections was not significantly different with the control group. But the mean of GGT activity in the 32mg/kg treated group was significantly less than the 16mg/kg injection group.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, Rhodotorula glutinis carotenoids was not significantly different in liver enzyme activity in treatment and control group. But, the GGT activity is an important marker of oxidative stress. The mean of GGT activity in the 32mg/kg injection group was significantly less than other group. On the other hand, gammaglutamyl transferase is one of the markers of oxidative stress. Due to the inverse activity of GGT and its antioxidant properties, the reason for the decrease in the activity of this enzyme in the injected group at a dose of 32 mg / kg carotenoid is probably the dose-dependent antioxidant effects of most carotenoids. So, it is recommended to use it as a supplement in the food industry.