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ABSTRACT Introduction & Objective:Research has shown that mental disorders are increasing year after year. Mental illness imposes a heavy burden both on individuals and their families. Factors such as changes in life style, population age, urbanization, social environment, poverty, substance abuse, wars, and violence affect mental health of the world’s population. This study was performed to determine the mental health status of families referring to Shiraz Health Centers. Materials & Methods: This is a descriptive, analytical and cross sectional study which was performed on 1536 people (720 male and 816female) from four city areas (east, west, south and north). The method of sampling was systematic randomized cluster. The subjects were interviewed and requested to fill out the General Health Questionnaire 28 (GHQ – 28). They were above 19 years of age. Then the data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results:Findings indicated that 22.9% of families (354) were suspected of suffering from mental disorder. About 27.6% of the subjects suffered from anxiety and 29.1% from somatization. Another 29% had problem with their social performance and 13.7% of them suffered from depression. Conclusion:There was a significant relationship between demographic variables such as gender, level of education, marital status and rate of disorders.

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Background & Aim: With increase of living in towns, level of stress will also increase. The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between green space and mental health. Methods: This cross-relational study was carried out in Tehran in 2011. The sample consisted of two groups of 30 men. One group was resident in green space but the second group was resident in apartments for a period of at least ten years. Also, they were matched for age, educational status, and other criteria considered in this research. We studied mental health by using SCL-90-R questionnaire. For data analysis, one-way ANOVA was used. Results: The results indicated that there is a significant difference at P≤0.05 between green space and apartment residents in paranoia and neuroticism. But there was no significant difference between two groups in other mental health components. Conclusion: Living in green environments for a long period promotes mental health. So, results of this study highlighted the importance of living in green environment for improving of mental health components.

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Background & aim: Optimism, due to its impact on mental and physical health, is of utmost importance. Finding practical and scientific methods to increase optimism and alleviate pessimism are essential. The purpose of the present study was to identify the effect of attribution retraining on optimism, and pessimism of female six-grade elementary students in Ahwaz primary schools, Iran. The attribution retraining was considered as independent variable and optimism and pessimism were considered as dependent variables. Methods: In the present experimental study, 54 sixth-grade primary school students were randomly selected and then divided to two groups of experiment and control groups. The present study was a field experimental research, including pretest-posttest and control group. The research instrument was the Children's Attribution Styles Questionnaire (CASQ) and was presented by Seligman, translated by ShehniYailagh and Ramezani, and adapted to Iranian students’ Culture. . Before starting the retraining, two groups were tested in pre-tests of optimism, pessimism and then, the experiment group was taught attribution retraining, and the control group nothing. At the end of the training course, two groups were tested in post-tests of optimism and pessimism. Results: Results showed that attribution retraining (as independent variables), had a great effect on the dependent variables. The results showed that attribution retraining had increased the meaningful (p= 0/001) amount of optimism and it had decreased pessimism (p = 0/001) significantly. Conclusion: Attribution retraining with increased optimism and pessimism can prevent and reduce the mental and physical health.

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Background & aim: Peoples’ mental health in improvement of society’s national and ideal aims have the main and most importance such as thriftiness in material and spiritual costs. Work fatigue is the result of severe decrease of person’s capabilities sources that counter with long –time stress, especially work stress. This study was designed with the aim of investigating the relationship between mental health and work fatigue at Yasuj University of Medical Sciences. Method of investigation: The present co-operation – descriptive study was conducted on 274 participants from 961 organization employees and deputyships of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences in 2013-2014 who were chosen randomly. In order to collect data, Maslach questionnaire of mental health condition and work fatigue was used. Data were analysed with statistical tests of the interconnection index Pearson and Friedman’s test. Findings: There was no significant relationship between mental health and work fatigue dimensions (p<0/05). A meaningful relationship was observed between studied models after usage. High attention and metamorphosis of personality had the least importance. Conclusion: When employees have full mental health and job satisfaction, the ability to achieve maximum efficiency in the organization is reachable.

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Background & aim: Birth and presence of slow pace children in each family can be considered as challenging and adverse event that probably leads to stress and frustration and mental health related complications. According to several studies that show positive and significant relationship between resiliency and values and religious beliefs and their impact on mental health,the present study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of resiliency skills training based on Islamic spirituality in promoting mental health and spiritual resilience among mothers of Slow Pace children.

Methods: The present study used a semi-experimental design with pre test-post test which was conducted among mothers of Slow Pace Children in Dehdasht, Iran, and the countryside using random sampling, in which 30 of these mothers were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups, participated in this study. Twelve sessions of resiliency training based on Islamic spirituality were held for experimental group of 15 people.The tools used in this study included a mental health questionnaire-28 (Ghq) and resiliency based on Islamic spirituality researcher made scale that were completed by individuals in pre and post tests. Finally, collected data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).

Results: Analysis of data using multivariate analysis of covariance showed that utilization of Intervention program among mothers of Slow Pace children in experimental group was significantly (P>0/05) effective on mental health and components of resiliency based on Islamic spirituality. In other words, spiritual resiliency skills training was led to improve depressive symptoms, social functioning and components of spiritual resiliency such as patience, contentment, Submission and thanksgiving.

Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that through changes in attitude of Slow Pace children's mothers, resiliency skills training based on Islamic spirituality can improve mental health and components of resilience-based on Islamic spirituality and helps them keep their mental health despite the exposure to chronic stress and tension.

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Background & aim: Religious orientation to examine the use of religion in the lives of individuals and mental health is also referred to as a state of well-being in which one recognizes one's abilities and can cope with normal mental stress and be beneficial to one's community and thus interact. Religion and mental health with positive psychology are concepts that help one's abilities and abilities to promote general health. The purpose of the present study was to determine, model, and interact positive psychology with religious orientation and mental health among university students in Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad province.
Methods: The present descriptive-analytic correlational study used Structural Equation Modeling method. The instrument consisted of 5 questionnaires which were distributed among the students of the sample group and completed by the students. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling, regression tests, fit-indices and Bootstrap indices.
Results: The findings of the present study indicated that religious orientation had a significant relationship with positive psychotic components (p<0.05). Correspondingly, in the present research, factor analysis revealed that religious orientation did not directly affect students' mental health, but religious orientation had positive effects on positive psychological components and these effects led to improved health.
Conclusion: Considering the significant relationship between religious orientation and components of positive psychology as well as the positive and significant indirect relationship between religious orientation and mental health in university students, teaching positive psychology components,            pre-university religion and religious education and mental health should be considered more than ever.
 

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Background & aim: Government action during the Covid 19 pandemic have placed many restrictions on daily life. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of social distance plan in the conditions of Corona virus on physical activity and mood state of the people of Isfahan citizens.
 
Methods: the present descriptive-analytical study that was conducted during the quarantine due to the prevalence of covid -19 disease. A total of 411 (131 males and 280 females) residents of Isfahan entered the study and completed the International online physical activity short form (GPAQ) questionnaire from April 1 to June 2, 2016. Also, a 16-item short evaluation questionnaire (POMS) was used to assess participants' moods. Analysis of variance with repeated measures, univariate analysis of variance and regression were used to answer the basic questions of this study.
 
Results: a significant decrease was seen in the intensity and number of weekly sessions of physical activity in terms of social distance compared to the previous period (p = 0.001). 11.8% of the subjects reduced the duration of their training session due to social distance and increased it by 5%, while 83.2% of the subjects did not change the duration of their training session (p = 0.001). Correspondingly, people who did not change the number of weekly sessions of physical activity during the period of social distance compared to before (p = 0.001), had a better mood in the positive components and all in the negative components (p = 0.001).
 
Conclusion: While social distance is an essential measure to protect public health, the results revealed that it reduces the level of physical activity that may endanger physical and mental health. These observations have potentially important implications that can help with the recommendations for physical activity to maintain health during illness.
 
 

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Background & aim: Health is one of the basic values ​​and needs of every human being and a right accepted in the divine schools and international documents, as well as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Islamic Human Rights and the Universal Declaration of Health. Maintaining and promoting health is an individual, social, organizational and governmental responsibility and is one of the preconditions for achieving sustainable development. The aim of this study was to determine and design an optimal model for the development of health centers in the neighborhoods of Yasuj.
 
Methods: This was an analytical-analytical study conducted in Yasuj in 2019. The statistical population of this study included all patients referred to health centers affiliated to Yasuj University of Medical Sciences with 900 people using the sampling method. A simple accident based on Morgan's table, 200 of them were selected as a statistical sample by simple random method and completed the questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test and regression coefficients, vasodilators and croscalovalis using statistical tests.
 
Results: According to the results obtained in order to design the model of nurses, midwives and people's attitudes, they had a significant effect on environmental health variables. Moreover, the variables of environmental health, nursing, midwifery had a significant effect on the nutritional variable and the variables of mental health and environmental health had a significant effect on the nutritional variable (p <0.05), other independent variables did not have a significant effect (0.05). Also, the results of the in-depth interview of the officials' view of the current situation of health centers have generally been considered weak and moderate, and in relation to the favorable situation regarding neighborhood health centers, it was generally believed that if the people of the neighborhood have more participation, Weak and moderate can be elevated to higher levels.
 
Conclusion: This article tried to determine the position and role of mental health in the process of neighborhood health centers and also use it to improve the quality of health centers and thus become a powerful tool to reduce the problems of neighborhood health centers.
 
 

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Background & aim: In recent years, computers and the internet have entered all aspects of human life. One of the problems that may arise is internet addiction, which has been reported as a new disorder with a number of related psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to Mediating Role of Attachment Styles in the relationship between Mental Health and Internet Addiction in adolescents.
 
Methods: The research method was descriptive and structural equation modeling(SEM). Participants were 310 high school students of Karaj in 2018-19, selected by purposive sampling. The instruments were the Goldberg and Hiller Health Questionnaires(1979), the internet addiction Questionnaire(Yang, 1998), and Attachment Styles(Hazan and Shaver, 1987). Data analysis was done using Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Sobel test .
 
Results: The results indicated that the direct effect of mental health and attachment styles on students' Internet addiction was significant at the level of 95% confidence (p<0.05). The results correspondingly indicated an indirect relationship between mental health and students' Internet addiction mediated by attachment styles with 95% confidence (p<0.05). In general, the results of the models revealed that all research scales have a good fit.
 
Conclusion: Based on these findings, it can be concluded that paying attention to a conscious parenting can lead to a secure attachment style. As a result, by creating mental health, the harm of internet addiction in adolescence can be prevented. Thus, to prevent internet addiction, it is necessary to consider the role of psychological factors such as insecure attachment styles
 
 

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Background & aim: The present study was conducted according to educational needs based on social and welfare factors. Improving the tensions and behavioral problems of teenagers is possible by different psychology.The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of reality therapy based on choice theory on mental health and identity crisis.
 
Methods: The present paper was an experimental method study with pre-test and post-test design with control group and random selection. The statistical population of the study consisted of all male high school students in second grade in Doganbadan, Iran. The data was analyzed using SPSS software. Multivariate analysis of variance was used for data analysis.
 
Results: The results of the analysis showed that for both mental health and identity crisis variables for both experimental groups, the difference between pre-test and post-test was significant at the level of p<0.001. By comparing the pre-test and follow-up test only in the experimental group where both adolescents and parents were trained, the mental health variable was significant at the level of p <0.01 and in the group where only adolescents were subjected to independent intervention, the mental health variable was significant. It did not make sense (p>0.05). But by comparing the pretest and follow-up test of the identity crisis variable, no significant difference was observed in any of the groups (p> 0.05).
 
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that school counseling centers should create conditions for students with educational and personality problems and sometimes their parents to be counseled based on the choice theory to help students reduce their educational and personality problems as well as encourage them to act more actively and responsibly by informing students that whatever comes to them is the result of their own behaviors.
 
 

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Background & aim: School health, especially in primary schools, is important in that children spend an important period of their lives in school. The favorable school environment facilitates the academic performance of students. The aim of this study was to investigate the environmental health and safety status of primary schools in Gachsaran in 2017.

Methods: The present descriptive-analytical study was conducted in the 2018-2017 academic year. Schools were surveyed by census, in which out of 42 schools, 37 primary schools in Gachsaran were willing to cooperate. The data collection tool (checklist) was the evaluation form of environmental health and safety regulations of the schools, the collected data were extracted from the checklists. These data were then analyzed using chi-square test and 95% confidence level.
 

• According to the results of the present study, only 3 schools (8.1%) were newly built (less than 15 years old). In terms of the proportion of Faucet to students, there was one drinking water for every 45 people in 18 schools (48.6%). Desks in twenty-six schools (70.3%) were in good condition.  Thirty schools (81.1%) were not close to environmental and noise pollution sources, factories and cemeteries. Classrooms in seventeen schools (45.9%) did not have proper ventilation and cooling systems. a significant relationship was seen between public and private schools with cooling and ventilation systems (P=0.04).

 

• Based on the present results, the environmental health and safety status of primary schools in Gachsaran was not assessed as appropriate. These schools faced with shortcomings related to the building (such as being old or unsuitable location of the school building and the mismatch between the school area and the number of students), drinking fountains, toilets, benches, green space and ventilation and cooling system. These deficiencies require more attention from the authorities to improve the current situation.

 

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Background & aim: Considering that pregnant women are one of the health sensitive groups and their mental health and mental well-being is effective on their health, family and society and on the other hand due to the prevalence of COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on psychological dimensions of this study; therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine and evaluate the state of mental health and well-being and its relationship with the weight gain of pregnant mothers during the outbreak of COVID-19 disease.
 

Methods: The present descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2021. The statistical population included 245 pregnant women referring to health centers in Yasuj during the pandemic of COVID-19. Evaluation of mental health status and mental well-being and their related factors during the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic were obtained according to the required information through two questionnaires of general health and psychological well-being (Reef) and demographic characteristics including: (age, education level of pregnant mother and spouse) Employment status of pregnant mother and spouse, frequency of pregnancy, gestational age and body mass index) were asked in an interview. The collected data were analyzed using Kolmogorfe-Smirno, Kruskal-Wallis, Human Whitney, Spearman and Pearson statistical tests.

 
Results: The present study was conducted on 245 pregnant women with a mean and standard deviation of 29.72. 6.61. The mean and standard deviation of the total mental health score in the studied pregnant women was 24.50 11 11.32, which according to the cut-off point 23 for the mental health of Iranians, the results of this study showed that 62.9% of pregnant mothers were suspected of having the disorder. The study of psychological well-being of pregnant women indicated that the mean total score and standard deviation of psychological well-being was 11.58 74 74.19. The results of the study showed that pre-pregnancy weight and current weight of the pregnant mother with mean mental health scores (p = 0.05 and r = -0.125) and (p = 0.024 and r = -0.144, respectively)) There is a significant inverse relationship with the mean score of psychological well-being (directly (p = 0.020 and r = 0.148, respectively) and (p = 0.043 and r = 0.129, respectively).
 
Conclusion: The present study revealed that the prevalence of mental disorders in pregnant women in Yasuj during the COVID-19 pandemic was high; therefore, the issue can play a major role in the health of mother, fetus and infant after birth. Among the related factors studied, the level of literacy of the pregnant mother, pre-pregnancy weight and current weight of the mother had a significant correlation with the mean score of mental health and psychological well-being.
 

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Background & aim:  Evaluation is an integral part of educational programs and undoubtedly, for conducting appropriate evaluation Students should be evaluated in simulated conditions of the future workplace. The purpose of the present study was to design, implement and evaluate an objective structured practical test to assess the practical capabilities of environmental health engineering students at Yasuj Health Faculty in 2020-2021.

Methods: In the present descriptive study, 18 senior students of Environmental Health Engineering of Yasuj School of Health and Nutrition Sciences in 2021 were studied. The study instruments were checklists from eleven different stations, which were prepared based on the training program of the relevant course and Its content validity was examined by a panel of experts. Students' skills were evaluated in each station by the evaluator using a checklist. At the end, students completed the Survey form. After collecting the data, it was entered into SPSS20 software and t-test, Mann-Whitney and correlation tests were used to analyze the data.

Results: The results indicated that the average score of stations was more than 50% (63.54). Students in nine stations had a score above 50%, which indicated that the selected stations could be a suitable criterion for evaluating practical skills and OSFE exam was a suitable alternative to written and oral tests at the end of the semester. The score of two stations was less than 50%. This was due to the virtual nature of universities during the COVID-19 epidemic and it was not possible for the students to perform the necessary skills sufficiently during the study period. Stations with an average score of more than 70% indicate the mastery of students in the skills they have learned in laboratories and health-treatment centers. The level of students' satisfaction with the test was also 77.94%.

Conclusion: According to the level of student satisfaction (77.94), it can be said that this exam is a suitable and student-friendly method for assessment and its use is suitable for different courses. Given the average scores that are above average, it seems necessary to review the evaluation methods in the practical sections.