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ABSTRACT Introduction & Objective: Trichomoniasis is a disease which caused by Trichomonas vaginalis and is the most common reason for non viral sexually transmitted disease and is the third cause of vaginitis which brings millions of people to women clinics.The main problem with this protozoa is the diagnos’s of symptomatic cases and treatment of patients and also their sexual partner to avoid chronic infection and dissementation of parasite. The common way for diagnosis of Trichomoniasis is microscopical study of vaginal sample. Considering the diagnosis symptomatic cases just based on clinical observations, this study aimed to compare the clinical and microscopical diagnosis of trichomoniasis in women who referred to the Yasuj women clinics. Materials & Methods: In this study a vaginal sample was taken from women who had clinical symptoms of vaginitis and refered to Yasuj clinic (63 cases) by the use of swap. Samples in were transferred to the laboratory in dextrose saline solution. Results of microscopic diagnosis was compared with clinical diagnosis cansidering personal characteristics such as age, using contraceptive, clinical symptoms and type and color of discharge. Results: Out of 63 patients which their vaginal discharge was studied, 12 cases (19.04%) in clinical examination and 27 cases (42.9%) by the use of direct microscopic observation were positive with Trichomoniasis. Of the 27 positive cases, 10 cases were considered to have trichomoniasis by clinical observation and others (17 cases) had been diagnosed as other vaginitis. Conclusion: There was a significant difference between clinical diagnosis and microscopical diagnosis of trichomoniasis . No significant difference was found between clinical symptoms and diagnosis of trichomoniasis. So we can not use just clinical symptoms for diagnosis of trichomoniasis. By considering just the clinical symptoms we can not diagnos positive cases of trichomoniasis in more than 60% of cases and as a result they undergo unnecessary treatment.

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ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: The age realated cataract surgery is most common ophthalmic surgery. Today the method of choice for cataract surgery is phacoemulsification. This study was conducted to compare the visual acuity, pre-operation and post operation ECCE & Phacemulsification complication in patients referring to Khalili & Dastgheib Hospital in Shiraz during 1380-1381. Materials & Methods: This prospective non randomized concurrent control study was conducted on 100 cases (52 case of ECCE and 48 case of Phaco). Pre-operative evaluation included age, sex, visual acuity, astigmatism according to keratometry difference and type of cataract. The patients were evaluated during the operation for size, site of incision, posterior capsular rupture, vitreous loss and nucleus dropped in vitreous. Then in 1, 5, 14, 90,180 days post operation, they were examined for BCVA, UNCVA, astigmatism (keratometry and refraction), inflammation, corneal edema, posterior capsular opacity and clinical CME. Results: In this study 100 cases (48 phacemulsification, 52 ECCE) aged 48-76 for cataract surgery were included. Patients were followed for 6 months ofter operation. Mean age in phacemulsification was 58.27 ± 7.26 & in ECCE was 64.71± 6.84. On the fifth day after ECCE, UNCVA  30.60 was 15.3% and in phaco was 62.5%. On the fifth day mean UNCVA in phaco was 30.60 and in ECCE, 20.60. Mean astigmatism on the first day post-operation according to keratometry difference in ECCE was 4.842.08D and in phaco was 2.271.67D and according to refraction in ECCE was 3.622.08D and in phaco was1.911.34D. Posterior capsular rupture in ECCE was 7.6% and in phacor was 12.5%. Vitreous loss in ECCE was 5.7% and in phaco was 10.7%. Corneal edema in the first day post-operation in ECCE was 19.2% and in phaco was 43.8%. Two weeks after operation in all patients who underwent phacoemulsificatio, corneal edema was cleared but in ECCE 3.8% corneal edema continued for 6 months after operation. Nucleus dropped in vitreous occurred only in phaco (2.1%). IOL dislocation after phacoemulsification was 4.1% and 2.1% (1 case) need to IOL removal but this complication was not visible in ECCE. Conclusion: Success rate, Intra operative & post-operative complications in phacoemulsification in comparison to other studies were in an acceptable range. We recommend further study in this case for more documented results.

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ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Thyroglossal duct carcinoma is a rare midline neck carcinoma that is usually diagnosed postoperatively. Its incidence is about 1-1.5%. This article presents two cases of thyroglossal duct cyst carcinoma and their diagnosis and the management methods are described. Case: Our patients were 24 and 16 year old ladies that referred to Khalili hospital with chief complaint of midline neck mass in 1379, 1377. Their para-clinical tests were negative for malignancy but papillary carcinoma was detected after surgery. They have only been followed up for few years without any thyroidectomy and radioiodine therapy. Conclusion: There is high false negativity in fine needle aspiration and sonography for ruling out malignancy in thyroglossal cyst therefore, para clinical tests cannot rule out malignancy and excisional biopsy is the only definite way for ruling out thyroglossal cyst carcinoma. On the other hand, severe controversy exists in managing of thyroglossal cyst carcinoma. While some surgeons are interested in total thyroidectomy and radioiodine ablation, it is not necessary to do thyroidectomy if the thyroid gland, lymph nodes and excised mass margins are free of malignancy because excellent prognosis of thyroglossal cyst carcinoma and probable thyroid involvement can be found by close follow up.

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ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: The hippocampal formation is a part of limbic system that plays an important role in memory and learning. The hippocampus is divided into three subfields: CA1, CA2 and CA3. In addition to pyramidal neurons and interneurons, the astrocytes play important roles in hippocampus, probably in memory and learning. In fact, learning needs some instruments for information storage and information maintenance mechanisms like memory. On the other hand, memory is always accompanied with learning. This study was conducted to evaluate the changes in number of astrocytes in CA2 subfield of hippocampus in rats due to spatial learning. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, with the use of Morris Water Maze and two other techniques (Reference and Working memory methods) in the behavioral laboratory of physiology department of Pasteur institute, 15 male Wistar rats were used. Five rats were included in control group and 10 rats in the other two groups (each 5 rat). After performing the educational experiments, animal brain was removed and after histological processing, the slides were stained with PTAH to show the astrocytes. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS, using T test and variance analysis. Results: The results showed a significant difference in astrocytes number of CA2 area between control and reference memory group. Also the difference between control and working memory groups was significant. Comparing the two educated groups, a significant difference was found in the number of astrocytes in those groups. Conclusion: The number of astrocytes in CA2 area of hippocampus of rats increased due to spatial learning.

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ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: One of the most common disorders of the knee joint in adult is patellofemoral pain syndrome. Sometimes it becomes chronic and causes activity limitation. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of exercise therapy with Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on improvement of pain intensity, knee function, muscle atrophy and range of knee flexion. Materials & Methods: This double-blind, randomized clinical trial was carried out in Zahedan Razmejo-Moghadam Physiotherapy Clinic, in 2007. Thirty-two patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome were recruited through simple non-probability sampling. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of the equal groups, exercise therapy (including hip, knee, and leg muscles strengthening and stretching exercises) or electrical stimulation group. Before and after intervention, we assessed pain through Visual Analog Scale (VAS) (ordinal), function (ordinal) with Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), thigh circumference with tape measure (centimeter) and range of knee flexion with goniometer (degree). A 10 session treatment program, three sessions per week and one hour per session was performed for both groups. Independent t-test or Mann-Whitney U and paired t-test or Wilcoxon were used for comparison between the pretreatment and post treatment results between groups and within groups, in SPSS software, respectively. Results: The mean total score of knee function increased from 100.53±19.25 to 130.87±18.25 in the electrical stimulation group and from 107.67±22.69 to 131.47±15.11 in the exercise therapy group (p=0.001). The mean score of knee function subscales including symptoms, pain, functional limitation, recreational activity, and life style improved in both groups (p<0.05). The pain score and range of knee flexion improved in both groups (p<0.05). After treatment, range of knee flexion significantly increased in the exercise group compared with the electrical stimulation one (p=0.008). Conclusion: Both of the exercise therapy and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation are effective in treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome. However, exercise therapy is more effective increasing in the range of knee flexion.

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ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: The main purpose of radiotherapy is exposing enough doses of radiation to tumor tissue and protecting the normal tissues around it. Tumor dose for each session in radiotherapy will be considered based on radiosensitivity of the tissues. The presence of viral diseases in tumoral area can affect the radiosensitivity of cells. This study aimed to evaluate the radiosensitivity of Hela cells infected with poliomyelitis virus irradiated by Co 60. Materials & Methods: In this study, the radiosensitivity of HeLa cells, with or without the viral infection, after gamma radiation of cobalt 60, was assessed. Results: Results of comparison of the radisensitivity of infected and uninfected cells indicates that after 2 Gy irradiation by Co 60, polio infection in low, moderate and high virus load, increases the cell death by 20-30%, 30-40% and 70-90% respectively. Conclusion : Radiosensitivity of tumoral cells increase when they are infected with viral agents. Results of this study showed that non cancer diseases should be considered when prescribing dose fraction in radiotherapy of cancers.

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Introduction & Objective: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common important arrhythmia of cardiac surgery. Magnesium, like several other pharmacologic agents, has been used in the prophylaxis of postoperative AF with varying degrees of success. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of magnesium administration in reducing postoperative AF after cardiac surgery. Materials & Methods: In a double blind randomized clinical trial, over an 18-month period, 162 patients that electively scheduled for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass were studied. The patients were randomly assigned to magnesium receiving (n=81) and placebo (n=81) groups. In magnesium group, the patients were received an intravenous infusion of magnesium sulfate, 2 g, immediately after the termination of cardiopulmonary bypass. Total serum magnesium concentration was measured before induction, immediately after operation (before magnesium infusion), and 24 hr after ICU admission. AF was sought with a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) from the end of surgery up till 72 hr after operation. Results: AF occurrence in magnesium group (7.4%) was lower than placebo group (34.6%) and the differences were statistically significant (p<0.0001). There was no significant difference in serum magnesium level during the follow-up. In patients with AF, the serum magnesium concentration before operation was significantly lower than others (p=0.0001). In all patients, the serum magnesium was decreased immediately after operation (p<0.0001). Conclusion: This study showed that hypomagnesemia is a common finding after postoperative cardiac surgery and it is associated with post operation AF. The use of magnesium in early postoperative periods is highly effective in reducing the incidence of AF after coronary artery bypass grafting

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Introduction & Objective: Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) is the operation most frequently performed in urology. In view of the morbidity associated with this procedure, research has been conducted to propose an endoscopic alternative to TURP. Using of high energy laser is the most promising method in these cases. In this study, we evaluated the effect of home made KTP laser on re-sected prostate adenoma after open prostatectomy. Materials & Methods: 40 patients complaining of symptomatic BPH were treated by open prostatectomy. These 40 prostates were divided in to two parts. One part was sent for pathology assessment (group A) and the other part was sent to KTP laser room in the same hospital (group B). The prostates in group B were divided into 4 groups (1, 2, 3, 4), each with 10 prostate tissue. In groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, prostate lobes underwent laser ablation in one, two three and four stage. In any stage, KTP laser, 5 watts for 15 seconds, was used. All of prostate ablated with laser were sent to pathology for evaluation of tissue ablation capacity and deep tissue penetration. The study in all of stages was blinded for pathologist. Results: Mean age of participants was 73.25±6.8 years and mean level of PSA was 3.65±2.1 ng/dl. In both groups, with every stage laser, we have 1 to 2 mm tissue ablation associated with prostate type. In pathologic examination, we have 0-2 mm tissue destruction with disappearance of cells' nuclei, basophilia of stroma and damaged tissue (cutter like effect). Findings were compatible with burn effect. Conclusion: Pathologic findings proved, in the ex vivo investigation, that KTP laser offers a good tissue ablation capacity and minimal microscopic tissue damage. The risk of capsule perforation is very low. This procedure is safe and effective in which bladder outlet obstruction symptoms will be quickly relieves and has a low rate of complications. Moreover KTP laser has much cost effectiveness, although we need further studies on live prostatic tissues

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ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Transitional cell carcinoma of renal pelvis presenting with brain metastases is a very rare case which should be diagnosed and treated in order to prevent further damages. Case: We report a rare case, who had presented with a constellation of neurological symptoms (due to multiple brain metastases), but without any urological symptoms. During evaluation of patient, we found transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of left renal pelvis, for which palliative radical nephroureterectomy was performed . Conclusion: Although transitional cell carcinoma of renal pelvis presenting with brain metastases is a very rare case, but the patient was managed with gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery for the metastatic lesions. Afterward he received four cycles of paclitaxel and carboplatin chemotherapy. The patient is alive with stable disease at 32- months’ follow-up.

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Introduction & Objective: According to WHO report, there are more than 40.3 million people infected with HIV worldwide. Detection of HIV-infected people in each community helps to control and prevent the infection. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of HIV infection among high-risk groups in Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad province in Iran. Materials & Methods: This was a cross-sectional study which was conducted in 2009 in Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad province in Iran. High-risk groups for HIV were the subjects of this study. Blood samples were taken from 2009 people from Boyerahmad, Gachsaran, and Dehdasht and tested by ELISA for anti-HIV1/2 antibodies. Demographic features of participants were recorded using a questionnaire during sample collecting. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS version 13 software. Results: From 2009 subjects, HIV antibody was detected in 36 (1.8%) of cases. High prevalence of infection (3.2%) was seen in 31-40 years age group. The rate of infection was higher in males compared to females. Unemployed people were found to be the main victim of the disease. The highest rate of infection was seen in Gachsaran in comparison to other townships. Conclusion: Findings of this study demonstrated that HIV infection is prevalent in high-risk groups in Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad province and control measurements should be implemented to prevent the distribution of the infection.

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Introduction & Objective: Preeclampsia is a disease with worldwide importance to mothers and infants, where it accounts for 20–80% of the strikingly increased maternal mortality. The lack of enzymes added to the homocysteine metabolism or the cofactors necessary for its metabolism (folate, B6 vitamin, B12 vitamin) cause hyperhomocysteinemia. Abnormal serum lipid profiles such as cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglyceride are associated with endothelial dysfunction. Recently high levels of B-HCG have been identified as a potential marker for developing preeclampsia. The purpose of this study was to identify the possible association of homocysteine, vitamin and some serum factors levels with preeclampsia in pregnant women. Materials and Methods: A case control study was performed prospectively on normotensive healthy pregnant women (80) and pregnant women diagnosed with preeclampsia (80) referring to Imam Sadjad hospital in Yasuj, between September 2004 to August 2005. In addition to the obstetric evaluation and laboratory examination in the 3rd trimester of gestation, blood samples were taken from all cases for homocysteine and vitamin B12, folic acid, triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, B-HCG analysis. The samples were evaluated by Immunoassay (ELISA). Univariant and logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictors of outcomes. Results: The mean plasma level of total homocysteine was significantly higher in preeclamptic women compared with normal pregnancy(p<0/05). No significant differences were observed in B12 concentrations and plasma folic acid (P>0.05). Triglyceride and cholesterol levels were significantly higher in preeclamptic women compared with normal pregnant women(p<0/05). LDL and HDL levels were not correlated with preeclampsia. There was no significant association between preeclampsia and B-HCG levels. Conclusion: Homocysteine, triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations increase in preeclampsia but decrease of vitamin B12 and folic acid levels was not observed in preeclampsia. LDL, HDL and B-HCG levels were not different between preeclamptic women and women with normal pregnancy.

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Introduction & Objective: Plants from the genus Pistacia family such as Pistacia atlantica, Pistacia vera and Pistacia khynjuk are considered as herbal medicines. Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of these plants have been confirmed. The aim of the current study was to find the effect of Pistacia khynjuk on humoral immune system of Wistar rats. Materials & Methods: This is an experimental study which was conducted at Yasuj University of Medical Sciences in 2009. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups of ten animals and orally received 10 mg/kg of the extract of nucleus, cutin and fruit of Pistacia khynjuk respectively, every day for two weeks. The control group received only placebo. Immuno-reactivity was induced using BCG vaccine (IP) with Freund‘s complete adjuvant (CFA). The titer of IgG and IgM were measured after the treatment using ELISA method. Moreover, the cervical lymph nodes and spleen of animals were excised and the volume and density of the primary and secondary follicle was evaluated by steriology. The collected data were analyzed by the SPSS using one-way ANOVA. Results: The differences in the mean level of IgG and IgM between the treated and the control animals were not significant (p>.05). Also, the mean volume of the spleen and cervical lymph nodes of the first three groups in comparison with the control animals were not significant (p>.05). Conclusion: Findings of this study showed that the Pistacia khynjuk did not have any direct effect on the activity of humoral immune system and the increasing of antibody level among Wistar rats.

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Introduction & Objective: Non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) is defined as a spectrum of clinical scenarios which is pathological deposition of fat droplets in the liver of patients who have no history of alcohol use. This study compared the effect of low calorie diet with and without sibutramine on body weight and liver function in patients with NAFLD. Materials & Methods: This clinical trial study was conducted in 2010 at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, on 40 obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver. Patients were randomly divided into two equal groups of intervention and control groups. Group one received 15 mg daily sibutramine capsules half an hour before lunch and a weight loss diet based on ideal body weight. The other group only had diet control for weight reduction. Before and after 3 months of intervention, weight changes, fasting glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin HbA1c, levels of liver enzymes and ultrasound evaluation was repeated. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software and the paired T test, Mann-Whitney and McNemar test. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 38.90 ± 7.00 in the sibutramine group and 36.55 ±7.87 for the control group. After three months, the average weight loss in sibutramine group was significantly more than the control group (sibutramine group13 kg and control group 4 kg (p<0.05). Improvement in liver echogenicity in sibutramine patients was 90% and 50% of diet group patients. ALT changes in the sibutramine group and control group was 7.50 ± 15.11 and 6.15 ± 28.23 respectively, which was statistically significant in the sibutramine group. AST changes were 4.38 ± 13.37 and 1.70 ± 18.37 in sibutramine and control group respectively. The changes were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Overall, findings of this study suggest that sibutramine is effective in liver function improvement and treatment of NAFLD patients.

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Background & Aim: Malassezia furfur is a lipophilic yeast and is known as the agent of skin diseases, especially tinea versicolor. The aim of this study was to compare the antifungal effect of licorice root, Althoca officinalis extracts and ketoconazole on Malassezia furfur. Methods: In this study, the antifungal effect of ethanolic extracts of Althoca officinalis root and licorice and ketoconazole on Malassezia furfur was evaluated by broth dilution method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum concentration of fatality (MFC) for each of the compounds was calculated according to visual reading and the number of fungal colonies (CFU) compared with the control group. The gathered data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney test. Results: MIC range of Althoca officinalis flower, Althoca officinalis root, licorice root extracts and ketoconazole was determined as: 18.25, 300, 500 and 2.65 µg/ml. MFC range for extracts of Althoca officinalis flower and ketoconazole was determined as: 50 ≤ and 32 ≤ µg/ml. Conclusion: The present study showed that Althoca officinalis flower extract compared with the Althoca officinalis root and licorice root extracts have a higher antifungal effect. Also ketoconazole, compared with these extracts, have a high antifungal effect on Malassezia furfur.

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Background & Aim: Intensive care units (ICUs) are recognized as stressful environments. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of emotional intelligence education items on job related stress on physicians and nurses who work in intensive care units at hospitals of Yerevan, Armenia. Methods: A interventional study design was implemented with 106 registered hospital physicians and nurses, who were widely distributed all the way through. Case group was taught about 15 E.I items. For data collection, the 20-question Berger situational (overt) anxiety questionnaire, the 20-item personality (covert) anxiety questionnaire, and the Bar-on emotional intelligence questionnaire with 133 questions were used. Statistical descriptive methods, chi-square (X2) and t-tests were used to analyze data. Results: The research achievements revealed that the average score of the case group`s situational anxiety was 46.59 before intervention, which decreased to 39.95 after the training of the items of emotional intelligence. The average score of situational anxiety of control group was 44.32 before intervention which increased to 44.76 after examination. There was a meaningful statistical difference between case and control group after education of emotional intelligence`s items (p=0.001). Conclusion: Results of the current study showed that physicians and nurses experience high level of stress. The ability to effectively deal with emotion intelligence and emotional information in the workplace assists employees in coping with occupational stress and should be developed in stress managing trainings.

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Background & Aim: Preterm labor is the predominant cause of prenatal mortality and morbidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative efficacy of indomethacin versus magnesium sulfate in the management of preterm labor. Methods: Sixty patients with preterm labor were randomly assigned into two groups. The first group received rectal suppository indomethacin and the second group received intravenous injection of magnesium sulfate (7 patients missed during the study). The results of delaying the labor, up to 72 hours and more than 72 hours, were compared in two groups. The collected data were analyzed, using chi-square. Results: In the indomethacin group , gestation was prolonged by 72 hours in 10 (37%) of women, and more than 72 hours in 17 women, but in the second group which received magnesium sulfate, 20 women had labor in the first 72 hour and only six women after 72 hours. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Results of this study confirmed an obvious difference in delaying labor in indomethacin and magnesium sulfate receiving groups. Indomethacin is cost effective and its administration is non-invasive. Therefore its use can be recommended in management of preterm labor.

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Background & aim: The H1N1 influenza strain virus is highly contagious. This study introduces a rare case of sudden death due to H1N1 virus in a three year-old child in Yasouj, southwest of Iran. Case: In late September of 2009, a three year-old male child was admitted to Imam Sajjad Hospital, Yasouj, Iran, complaining of nausea and vomiting. The onset of symptoms was sudden and no history of underlying diseases or other cold symptoms were reported. While attempting to give oxygen and IV, the child suffered a sudden loss of consciousness and suffered a cardiopulmonary arrest, and died despite the resuscitation measures. With regard to the fulminant course and the unknown cause of death, and being suspected to H1N1 flu infections in less than an hour from the time of death, with certain conditions, the sample was sent for cultivation and the culture was positive for H1N1. Conclusion: Considering the child's death due to infection with Type-A influenza (H1N1), younger children should be treated more carefully during the flu outbreak.

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Background & aim: About 7% of patient referred to hospital are various forms of poisoning. This study was performed to determine the major causes of acute poisoning leading to Hospitalization at Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Yasuj, Iran. Methods: This descriptive study was performed from August 2007 to July 2008 on 470 cases of poisonings referred to Shahid Beheshti hospital of Yasuj. Demographic characteristics, time of poisoning, poisoning factor, history of previous poisoning, history of psychiatric disease, medication and other therapeutic intervention based on questionnaires and interviews with patients or companions of patients were recorded. Data were analyzed by Chi-Square Test. Results: Majority of poisoned patients were single females, in the age range of 21-30 years, unemployed, lived in urban areas, and had at least a diploma. The majority of cases were intentional poisoning with a history of depression, previous poisoning and attempted suicide. Significant relationship were seen between poisoning, age, sex, and job, (p<0.05), while relationship between the place of residency, marital status, and education, with poisoning was not significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: With respect to the results of this study, the majority of these poisonings occurred among young, single and unemployed females due to suicide and drug intoxication. Necessary actions should be done in drug usage and maintenance, taking action against non-prescription drugs and giving proper public education to families.

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Abstract Background & aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of supplementation with omega-3 and 8 weeks of aerobic exercise on cardiovascular risk factors - vascular lipid profile in elderly men, respectively. Methods: In this present quasi-experimental study, 36 non athletic elderly men with the age range of 37/3 ± 37/57 years of age from Genaveh, Iran were randomly selected and divided into 4 groups of 9 (training + omega-3 supplements, training + placebo, omega-3 supplements and placebo) groups. Aerobic exercise program for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week, term (30 to 45 minutes) and intensity of 55 to 70% Maximum heart rate was performed. Daily intake of omega-3 supplement was 2000. After 14 hours of fasting, blood samples before and 48 hours after the last study session were conducted. For data analysis, kolmogorov -smirnov-test, t-dependent, one-way ANOVA was used (p≤0/05). Results: After 8 weeks of training, TC levels of omega-3 supplements, omega-3 supplements, aerobic exercise and aerobic exercise with placebo significantly decreased (p≤0/05). But they were not significantly different in the placebo group (p≥0/05). Serum TG levels in groups supplemented with omega-3, aerobic training, supplementation with omega-3 a significant reduction was found (p≤0/05), but in the placebo group and aerobic training placebo, the reduction was not significant (p ≥0/05). Amounts of LDL-C were not significant in various groups (p ≥0/05). Levels of HDL-C in aerobic training, supplementation of omega-3 and aerobic training + placebo were significant (p≤0/05), but the omega-3 supplement and placebo groups showed no significant change (p ≥0/05). Changes in TC / HDL-C in the supplemental omega-3, aerobic training, supplementation of omega-3 and aerobic training + placebo a significant reduction was found (p≤0/05), but in the placebo group, no significant change was observed (p ≥0/05). Conclusion: Considering that aerobic training alone and omega-3 supplementation alone resulted in a significant reduction in cardiovascular risk factors - are cardiovascular, aerobic exercise and the intake of omega-3 supplements can be beneficial in preventing and reducing these diseases. Key words: Aerobic Exercise, Omega-3 Supplements, Lipid Profile, Heart Disease -Coronary

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Abstract Background & aim: Food insecurity is defined as limited availability at all times to sufficient food of an active life. The aim of this study was assessing the food insecurity status and some associated socioeconomic factors in women with metabolic syndrome. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 130 women between 30-60 years of age with metabolic syndrome referred to health centers of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2011. Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and food insecurity status were assessed using demographic and the 18-item Agriculture Organization of the United States of America household food security questionnaires, respectively. Data were analyzed by Chi-square, t-tests and Logistic Regression statistical tests. Results: Prevalence of food insecurity in the population was 69.2%. Logistic regression showed the independent variables affecting food insecurity in women with metabolic syndrome were household economic status, family size, and income respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion: Due to high rate of food insecurity in women with metabolic syndrome, perhaps reducing food insecurity is associated with reduced metabolic syndrome. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce food insecurity in the society, especially among women. Key words: Food Insecurity, Metabolic Syndrome, Women