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Introduction & Objective: Application of antibiotics in prevention and treatment of infectious diseases is a double bladed razor. On one side, it spoils pathogens and on the other hand, it has numerous complications. The most serious among them is selection of resistant agents. Prescription of antibiotics is a complex and scientific process that requires accurate clinical judgment, awareness of the pharmacologic and microbiologic principles on diagnosis, treatment and consideration of the patient's condition and his illness. Materials & Methods: In this study, we assessed 441 prescriptions (prescribed for <14 y /o outpatients children) of 58 GP in Yasj city in Kohgyloyeh and Boyerahmad province in 2004. Results: The average number of drugs in each prescription was 3.6 and 64.4% of the prescriptions included antibiotics that consisted of penicillin group (51.6%), macrolids (24.5%) and cephalosporins (11.2%). Overall 32.2% had diagnosis which included pneumonia (31.7%), URI (21.9%) and pharyngitis (19%). Conclusion: The average number of drug in each prescription was much higher than the world average. Antibiotics have been prescriped a little more than in most of the countries and cities which might be due to age of the patients, unawareness of disease nature and epidemiology of infectious diseases. This pattern of antibiotic prescription causes a decrease in rate of bacterial infections in comparison with the past. However, this form of management, where antibiotic was prescriped for prophylaxis because of fear of future bacterial infection, led to several major outcomes including resistance of microorganisms that itself causes appearance of new agents with serious infection and complication of antibiotic therapy and their side effects that can cause morbidity and mortality.

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ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Self-esteem is an important factor in mental health that affects human functions, especially job performance. The number of nurses with low self-esteem is increasing and this is mostly due to role conflict. Only few studies have been done on this issue. This study was done in order to evaluate the effects of a course of assertiveness on self- esteem of female nursing students in Bushehr (1380). Materials & Methods: A total of 80 students were recruited and were given preliminary questionnaires. The 22 students that got lower scores were then chosen as the samples. Using a simple random method, the samples were matched, and then divided into 2 equal groups, a case and a control group. A pretest and a course on assertiveness and a post test were given to the case group while the control group was only given a pretest and a post test. Tools used for this study were the Cooper Smith Self-esteem scale and the independent T and paired T test, respectively. Results: Pretest results on self-esteem for the case group showed a mean score of 59.45, (SD= 10.25). After training, post-test results improved to 75.90, (SD=9.49, p<0.001). In the control group, no significant change was noted on the pretest and posttest scores. However, there was a significant correlation between financial status of the students' family and self-esteem in the case group. Conclusion: A course of assertiveness may have an important impact on promotion of self-esteem of female nursing students. The researchers suggest more study to be done in this field especially on other group of nurses.

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Background & aim: The consumption of food supplements in order to eliminate oxidative damages induced by exercise are common among athletes. Previous studies have shown that bovine colostrum has antioxidant properties, but no study has ever been done to evaluate its effectiveness on Oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity. The aim of study was to investigate the effects of bovine colostrum along with aerobic and anaerobic exercise on Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant capacity in male Wistar rats.

 

Methods: In the present experimental study, 48 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (control, colostrum supplement, aerobic exercise, anaerobic exercise, colostrum supplements and aerobic exercise, colostrum supplements and anaerobic exercise). Colostrum group received daily for ten weeks dosing 300 mg /kg bovine colostrum powder orally. Exercising groups worked out three times a week for a period of 10 weeks on a custom-made treadmill for rodents. Blood samples were taken before and 24 hours after the last exercise session on an empty stomach. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, One Way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey at α<0.05.

 

Results: The plasma levels of oxidative stress index (MDA) in all groups except colostrum supplement and anaerobic exercise compared with the control group was significantly reduced (p<0.05). The antioxidant capacity in all groups except anaerobic exercise group compared with the control group was significant increased (p<0.05).

 

Conclusions: The results indicated that colostrum supplementation with ten weeks of aerobic exercise had better effect on the control of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity compared to anaerobic exercise.

 

 

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Background & aim: Giving importance to research and increasing research activities in each country provides appropriate contexts for the development and progress of that country. The present study was conducted to identify components related to the performance of faculty members of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences.
 
Methods: The present research was a qualitative, exploratory study conducted in year of 2021. In present study, purposeful sampling was used. Data collection was performed through semi-structured in-depth interviews, face to face and telephone calls. The key participants in the study were faculty members of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, of whom 21 were selected by purposeful sampling and interviewed. Each interview lasted an average of 40 to 60 minutes. Atrid-Sterling method was also used for analysis.
 
Results: Twenty faculty members of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences participated in the present study, 9 females (45 percent) and 11 males (55 percent). In terms of academic rank, four were full professors, 7 were associate professors, and 10 were assistant professors. Moreover, after analyzing the interview data and first coding, 80 basic themes were obtained, which were then reduced to fourteen organizing themes. To end with, global themes policy, individual and situational were identified as factors related to faculty research performance.
 
Conclusion: To achieve a comprehensive performance in the field of research depends on proper and correct planning in this area. Situations such as team thinking, knowledge-based, and community-oriented can improve faculty members' research performance.
 
 

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Background & aim: Poisoning of children due to carelessness of parents is common. Half of these cases are unintentional and it is the fourth cause of death among children. The most common cause of children's poisoning is chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and household products that are made available to children due to carelessness. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine and investigate the epidemiology of poisoning in children hospitalized in Imam Sajjad Teaching Hospital of Yasuj in 2018-2019.

Methods: The present descriptive study was conducted on 348 hospitalized children due to poisoning during 2018-2019. Patient information such as age, gender, cause of poisoning, place of residence and clinical symptoms of the patients were included in the questionnaires prepared for this purpose. The required information was extracted and frequency tables and statistical charts were drawn.

Results: 348 children with poisoning were examined. 193 cases (55.5%) were males and 155 cases (44.5%) were females. The median age was 3 years. 67% of fathers had a diploma or higher education and self-employment (73.3%), and 48.9% of mothers had a diploma and 91.4% were housewives. Medicines were most commonly being oral substances, and cosmetics were the least.


Conclusion: Due to children's sense of curiosity and their inability to recognize possible dangers in their surroundings, it causes them to suffer more accidental poisonings. Therefore, it is recommended to educate families through social media and virtual space, in order to properly store various materials, including; Chemicals and medicines can prevent such accidents to a great extent.

 

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Background & aim: The medical staff involved in the fight against the Covid-19 disease experience high physical and mental pressures. In this regard, it is necessary to investigate the psychological symptoms of healthcare workers at risk and compare them with other populations. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of comparing psychological symptoms in the medical staff of specialized medical centers with the medical staff of non-specific Corona centers.
Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of a comparative type that was conducted from August to December 2021. The statistical population was all the medical staff of specific and non-specific Corona medical centers of hospitals in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmed state in 2021. 169 of them were selected using the available sampling method. Questionnaires for demographic information, patient health (PHQ-9), generalized anxiety (GAD-7), and Pittsburgh sleep quality (PSQI) was used. SPSS-25 statistical software, descriptive indices, independent t-test, and chi-square (chi-square) test were used for data analysis. 
Results: 97 people (57.40%) of the participants were in special medical centers for Corona and 72 people (42.60%) were in non-specific medical centers for Corona. There was a significant difference between the research groups in terms of the participant infected with Corona (P<0.05). Also, there was a significant difference between the research groups in terms of anxiety (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between them in terms of depression and sleep quality (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Considering the high anxiety of the frontline medical staff, it is necessary to design and implement trainings and interventions based on anxiety reduction for them.
 

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Background & aim: The outbreak of coronavirus has affected the use of paper-based tools due to the risk of disease transmission. Therefore, validating the online form of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R) scale can help solve the problems in this area. The aim of the present study was to determine and evaluate the validity of the electronic form of the OCI-R scale in students during the coronavirus crisis.

Methods: The present descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with the purpose of test validation. The statistical population consisted of all students of Islamic Azad University of Tehran in 2022. The sample size was determined based on psychometric criteria as 100 people for the convergent validity section and 501 people for the construct validity section. The samples were selected by random cluster sampling method. After obtaining the necessary permissions and informed consent, the research data were collected through two scales of Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (OCI) and Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Hajson and Rachman in both paper and electronic forms by sending the questionnaire link to the participants' mobile phones. To assess the validity of the scale, content, convergent and factor analysis methods were used. The reliability of the scale was evaluated by internal consistency and split-half methods. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis tests.

Results: The results indicated that the OCI-R questionnaire consists of six factors and had appropriate content, concurrent and construct validity. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the whole scale was 0.81 and for the subscales it ranged from 0.70 to 0.81. The split-half coefficient for the first and second half of the scale was 0.71 and 0.74, respectively, and the correlation between the two halves was 0.62 and significant at 0.01 level. Exploratory factor analysis showed that the scale is saturated with six factors that explain 54.57% of the variance in total. Confirmatory factor analysis also confirmed the six-factor model with suitable fit indices. This questionnaire was performed along with the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Hajson and Rachman scale, which had appropriate concurrent validity with 18 items (r=0.612, p<0.001).

Conclusion: The electronic form of the revised obsessive-compulsive inventory can be used to assess obsessive-compulsive disorder in students electronically.