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Introduction & Objective: Nowadays, cellular and tissues transplant has become the focus of attention for spinal cord injury. It has been shown olfactory nerve cells or olfactory mucosa whi have more efficient on nervous tissue repair and they have been more studied in experimental study. Furthermore, they were used in a few clinical centers for spinal defect. But mucosa tissue and spinal tissue have different structure and there is doubt about the integration of mucosa tissue in nervous tissue. Thus, in this research the morphology and the effect of the fetal olfactory mucosa (FOM) on spinal tissue sparing were studied after transplanted into the spinal cord hemisection in rats. Materials & Methods: This experimental study was conducted at Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2008. Of thirty eight female Sprague-Dawley (200-250g) rats twenty- eight were spinally hemisected at the L1 spinal level and were randomized into two groups of 14 animals. Treatment group received FOM graft and the control group received fetal respiratory mucosa graft (FRM). The other animals received surgical procedure without spinal cord injury as a sham group. The morphology of the transplant region and spinal tissue sparing was examined histological eight weeks after transplantation. The collected data was analyzed by the SPSS software using ANOVA and the morphology of the transplant region were studied by light microscope. Results: Histological study showed that the both mucosa tissues could not integrate with the parenchyma of the spinal tissue. Although the FOM were fused more than the FRM with the host tissue but clear boundary was seen at the graft–host interface. The mean spinal tissue sparing of the treatment group increased a little compare to the control but a significant difference was not apparent whereas, the spinal tissue sparing in treatment and control groups compare to the sham group decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Transplantation of the mucosa tissue directly, into the spinal cord injury was created different cytoarchitecture with spinal tissue and FOM partially preserving tissue sparing.

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Abstract Background & aim: Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between oxidants and reluctant in the individual or its cells. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of antioxidant vitamins E and C in prevention of the toxicity of copper and molybdenum in rabbits. Methods: In this experimental study, 25 adult rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups. The first group (control group) received no medication The second group received 80 mg/Kg/day sodium molybdate orally until symptoms of toxicity, the third group received 4 mg/kg of copper sulfate orally with sodium molybdate, Group IV 150 mg/kg of vitamin E with sodium molybdate orally, and group V 20 mg/kg orally received vitamin C with sodium molybdate. Using the total antioxidant capacity parameters, malondialdehyde and ceruloplasmin levels in rabbit’s serum parameters levels of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense were obtained after a 35-day trial. The obtained data was analyzed using ANOVA and Turkey's test. Results: The results of the present study indicated that molybdenum induced alopecia and depigmentation and molybdenum as a stress factor increased levels of malondialdehyde. So that the amount of malondialdehyde from 1.285 in the control group to 1.849 µM/L Molybdenum increased significantly. Although this indexes in the groups receiving vitamin E and C decreased significantly from 0.375 to 0.426 µM/L respectively. However, the total antioxidant capacity in any of the groups compared with the control group showed no change. Conclusion: Molybdenum toxicity is involved in the pathogenesis of oxidative stress and antioxidant agents of vitamins E and C can reduce its toxic effects. Key words: Antioxidant, Molybdenum, vitamin E, vitamin C, Copper, Rabbit

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Background & aim: due to the risks to human health, particularly in terms of carcinogenicity, the application of Furazolidone in animals which their products are consumed by human population is strongly prohibited. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of unauthorized furazolidone in broiler chickens slaughtered in Ahvaz by using HPLC. Methods: In the present cross-sectional study which was conducted within six months, 100 broiler carcasses were randomly collected from Ahvaz slaughterhouses. Then by using ice, the carcasses were transported to the laboratory in less than 24 hours inorder to illicit the amount of furazolidone drug by the HPLC method. After extraction and degrading processes, using Ethyl-acetate and related protocols for isolation of Furazolidone from muscles, and also calibrating HPLC system to obtain standard curves, the amount of 20 microliters of each sample was injected to the HPLC device and the amounts of Furazolidone were determined in the mixture of pectoral and femoral muscles. Finally the obtained results were statistically analysed by using one sample t-test in the SPSS software. Results: The mean Furazolidone concentration in the mixture of femoral and thorasic muscles was 28.15±2.37 mg/kg. Thirty-nine percent of the samples were positive for containing illegal Furazolidone residue. Conclusion: According to the results of the current study, more attention is seriously recommended by authorized responsibilities to prevent the antibiotic residues such as furazolidone in poultry meat.

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Abstract
 
Background & aim: Skin is constantly exposed to environmental contaminants such as heavy metals (lead).Medicinal plants have been concern for the treatment of of human pain. and pain. Wheat Sprout is one of medicinal plants which are rich in vitamins, minerals and powerful antioxidant compounds respectively. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of wheat Sprout extract on tissue texture following injection of lead acetate in rats.
 
Methods: Thirty healthy adult Wistar rats were divided randomly into six groups: Control group received 1 ml/kg/day of normal saline, group 2 received 20 mg/kg/day of lead acetate intraperitoneally respectively, group 3 and group 4 received 100 mg/kg/day and 200 mg/kg/day of wheat sprout extract by gavage feeding, group 5 and group 6 received 100 mg/kg/day and 200 mg/kg/day of wheat sprout extract by gavage feeding along with 20 mg/kg/day of lead acetate intraperitoneally. After five weeks, skin tissue of dorsal region and blood samples were collected for histomorphometric studies and serum assessment. Serum samples were tested for determining antioxidant activity (AOA) based on power ferric reduction antioxidant (FRAP) assay and peroxidation of lipids by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA). The 5 to 6 μm thickness sections were made using paraffin embedding method after stained by hematoxylin and eosin, safranin and masson trichrome. For microscopic study, Dino-Lite digital lens and Dino Capture 2 Software were used.
 
Results: The lead significantly decreased the total thickness of the skin, the dermal layer, hypoderm, the number and maximum depth of hair follicles and the epidermis pod thickness of the hair root compared with the control group (p <0.05). A significant increase was seen in numbers of sebaceous glands and hair follicles in group receiving 200 mg/kg/day of wheat sprout, compared to that in control group (P <0.001). Wheat sprout simultaneously with lead increased the epidermis sheath thickness of the root (p <0.01) but no significant increase was seen in the depth of hair follicles in comparison with the lead group.MDA level showed a significant increase in lead group, compared to control group (P <0.01). AOA level showed a significant increase in wheat sprout (200 mg/kg/day) group, compared to other groups (P <0.001).
 
Conclusion: The results showed that lead can induce negative effects in skin tissues. Wheat sprout extract (200 mg/kg/day) can inhibit toxic effects of lead in skin tissues and that leads to refreshing in skin.