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Background & Aim: Considering the evidence which show the effect of herbal medicine on renal stone treatment, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Allium Jesdianum on prevention and treatment of calcium oxalate stone in rats. Methods: In the present experimental study, forty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (each group 11 rats) and then studied for 30 days. The Healthy control group only received normal water and a regular diet. The negative control group received 1% ethylene glycol in water during the study. The low dose and high dose preventive groups received 750 mg/kg and 1500 mg/kg of Allium Jesdianum with 1% ethylene glycol every day. The 24-hour urine samples of rats were collected on days 1, 15 and 30 of the study. Then, under anesthesia, blood samples were taken directly from the heart. All rats were then killed and pathology of kidneys was checked for crystals of calcium oxalates in renal tubules. Data analysis was done by the SPSS software using One-way ANOVA. Results: The number of calcium oxalate crystals in the negative control group (18.7 ±26.1), the low dose preventive group (5.3±8.2) and high dose preventive group (80.6±82.8) in comparison to the healthy control group were increased and this difference in the high dose preventive group and healthy control group was significant (p <0.05) . Urinary oxalate in the 30th day was more in both preventive groups and negative control group in comparison to healthy control group and this diference was statistically significant (p <0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that Allium Jesdianum doesn't have a preventive effect on the formation of renal stones, and it also increases calcium oxalate crystals in kidney of male wistar rats that need more studies.

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Background & Aim: Given the proven effectiveness of herbal medicines in the treatment of kidney stones, the aim of the present study was defining the effect of hydrophilic extract of Alhagi maurorum on ethylene glycol-induced renal stone in male Wistar rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups and were studied during a 30 day period. Two groups of healthy and prophylactic control received usual water and 1% ethylene glycol in water respectively during the study period. Prophylactic groups of low dose and high dose extract in addition to 1% ethylene glycol in water daily gavaged with 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg extract respectively. For measurement of biochemical factors, 24 hour urine samples from all rats were collected in days 0, 15 and 30. After the 30th day, rats were anesthetized with ether, and after taking serum sample from them, they were killed and their kidneys were removed and were sent for pathological evaluation which was examined for presence and volume of calcium oxalate crystals. Results: There was no significant difference between complexes of oxalate calcium crystals between studied groups. Also comparison of urinary oxalate in 30th day was showed that urinary oxalate concentration in preventive and healthy control groups were less than negative control and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: The present study confirmed that the hydrophilic extract of Alhagi maurorum with regard to reduction in urinary oxalate concentration and increase of urinary citrate is effective in preventing of urinary calcium oxalate stones in rat as a suitable model for human stones. The extract had no significant effect in rate of calcium oxalate crystal formation in.

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Abstract Background & aim: Urinary stone is one of the important causes of morbidity among children. The aim of this study was to determine the effective factors of Pediatric Urolithiasis in Children under the age of 14. Methods: In this case-control study, among children under 14 years of age referring to the Shahid Beheshti Clinic of Yasuj with the diagnosis of urolithiasis confirmed twice by ultrasound, 48 children were selected as eligible cases for the questionnaire containing demographic information, the location, and size of the stone were completed. Of 48 healthy children younger than 14 years referring to the clinic for evaluation of growth and health were selected as the control group. Affecting parameters of serum and urinary stone formation in both groups were controlled. The collected data were analyzed by using statistical mean tests, chi-square and t-tests. Results: In 70.8% of the group case, children had a positive family history of urolithiasis. Hypercalciuria, Hyperoxaluria, hyperuricosuria, and Hypocitraturia were found 35.4%, 17.8%, 13.6%, and 13.6% in group case respectively. Mean urinary calcium level of the case group was 0.47 and in controls, 0. 24. The mean urinary uric acid level of the case group was 0.91 and for the control was 0.54 (05/0> p). In 58.3% of the cases, a single kidney stone was seen and in 95.8% of the cases, the size of 4 mm or less were observed. The most common symptoms of urolithiasis (58.1%) at admission were restlessness and irritation during urination. Conclusion: According to the results of study, Hypercalciuria, Hyperoxaluria, Hyperuricosuria and positive family history are the major cases of urinary stones in children which are often individual with the size of 4 mm. Key words: urolithiasis, children, hypercalciuria