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Background & aim: The effect of drugs on different receptors causes the effect as well as side effects of the drug. For example, dopamine drugs, in addition to their anti-Parkinsonian effects, block the upper parts of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis and cause infertility. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of fluvoxamine on sex hormone levels and ovarian histology in guar gum after injection of bromocriptine.
 
Methods: In the present basic study conducted at Islamic Azad University in 2020, 90 fish with an average weight of 1.3 g were prepared from the female fish breeding center located in Damavand. The fish were divided into 6 groups of 15 including three intact control groups: solvent (70% ethanol) and bromocriptine and 3 treatments of bromocriptine and fluvoxamine at doses of 1, 5 and 10 mg / kg body weight of fish. The injection was given intramuscularly and intramuscularly and under the dorsal fin, so that the day after injection of 5 mg / kg bromocriptine, fluvoxamine was injected in specific doses and this process continued. 20 days after injection, their ovaries were dissected and isolated for biometrics and light microscopy. Tissue hormones 17-beta-estradiol, testosterone and progesterone were measured using a special kit using tissue fluids. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 23) and one-way ANOVA and Duncan tests. Excel 2016 software was used to draw the charts.
 
Results: The results of Estradiol and Progesterone and Gonadal index revealed that the groups receiving Fluvoxamine and Bromocriptine had a significant difference with the control group (P≤0.05), and this difference was dose dependent. The results turned out that the levels of these hormones decreased in Bromocriptine control group and increased in Fluvoxamine-receiving treatments. Light microscopy images showed that the ovarian development stage in intact control and solvent control is commonly Cortical stage, but these cells remain in the primary and secondary prenuclear stage in the control group of Bromocriptine. Also in highest dose of fluvoxamine (10mg/kg.Bw) Oocytes are in the vitellogenesis stage and the gonadal index was at its highest. It can be concluded that Bromocriptine blocks the HPG axis while Fluvoxamine restimulates it, therefore there was a possibility of the presence of Serotonin receptors on the gonadal surface.
 
Conclusion: It can be concluded that bromocriptine causes blockade of HPG axis and fluvoxamine re-stimulates the GnRH pathway, so that the ovary in the treatment receiving the highest dose of fluvoxamine was predominantly in the vitellogenesis index and more it was its value, so it is possible for the serotonin receptor to be present on the gonadal surface.
 
 

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Background & aim: Worldwide, the use of benzodiazepines as hypnotics and sedatives is on the rise.  Alprazolam and passion flower (Passiflora incarnata L.) produce calming and sleep-inducing by affecting GABA, which is one of the known neurotransmitters of the brain. There are findings indicating that GABA has been found in the body's endocrine glands, including the ovary. In this research, due to the similarity of the endocrine reproductive control system of fish to humans and having the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis the comparison of the effects of the gabanergic drug alprazolam and the passion flower on the ovarian tissue of three-spotted gourami fish was chosen as the target.

Methods: In the present basic-experimental study carried out in 2022, 120 pieces of Trichogaster trichopterus with an average weight of 3 ± 0.5g were purchased from ornamental fish farm in Hamedan, Iran. The pieces were divided into eight groups of 15, which included the intact control group, the solvent control group, three treatment groups which received Alprazolam with a dose of 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg and three treatment groups receiving Passiflora incarnata extract with doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg. A dose of 0.02 ml of the drug was injected intramuscularly between the dorsal fin and the lateral line every other day for 10 times, over a period of 20 days. Finally, the fish were euthanized and dissected. The ovaries of the fish were isolated and examined with optical and electron microscope, and ELIZA kit was used to measure steroid hormones from tissue fluids. The data were analyzed using SPSS₂₂ software and statistical methods of one-way ANOVA and Duncan at the level of p≤0.05.

Findings: According to the obtained results, alprazolam up to a maximum concentration of 100 mg/kg had stimulating effects on the maturation of the ovaries of Trichogaster trichopterus and caused an increase in steroid hormones in them. On the other hand, evening primrose extract has an inhibitory effect on ovarian development in doses of 25-100 mg/kg.

Conclusion: According to the results, alprazolam was probably a stimulant of gonadal development, while extract of Passiflora incarnata inhibited it.