Background & aim: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the most important neurotrophin that it will lead to the development of metabolic syndrome. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor directly related to conditions such as epilepsy, Alzheimer's and depression. The purpose of this research was investigate effect of eight weeks endurance training on Neutrophic factor that derived from the rats' brain , Insulin and resistance to Insulin.

Methods:  Statistical Society in this research consist of Male Sprague Dawley rats. Among them, 24 rats at 8 weeks of age and weight of 43/31 ± 72/280 grams were purchased from Pasteur Institute in Shiraz. Then transferred to the laboratory and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (endurance training). Also before the start of the study, the rats a period of one week to adapt to the new environment and the activities during the treadmill. During eight weeks the endurance exercise mice group running on treadmill machine without slope(zero percent slope) with speeding 8 till 20 meter per minute and about 60 minute in each session and 3 session in a week. Control mice group during this time did not have any exercise activity. 24 hours after the last training session at the end of week the eighth, the rats sacrificed to measure the parameters studied until biochemical alterations resulting endurance investigate training effects. For analysis data, was used of independent T-test that was considered as significance level (a=0/05).

Results: Analysis of the findings showed that Eight weeks of endurance training has not   significant effect on the Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rat(p=0/011). Eight weeks endurance training leads to a significant reduction on Insulin (p=0/005) and eight weeks endurance training leads to significant reduction resistance to Insulin (p=0/001).

 Discussion: Hence get conclusion that endurance training have significant effect on reduction of Insulin and don't have any effect on Neutrophic factor that derived from brain.