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Introduction & Objective: Nowadays, opportunistic fungi especially Candida albicans are the most common cause of life-threatening infections in immunodeficiency patients. Increasing Azole-resistant strains of C.albicans are a main problem in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the CDR2 gene in C.albicans azole resistant strains, isolated from AIDS patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis by RT-PCR method. Materials & Methods: The present experimental study was conducted at Tarbiat Modares University of Medical Sciences in 2009. C. albicans isolates from HIV infected patients were identified by standard procedures, including germ tube formation, clamidospor and color of colonies on CHROM agar. At first, susceptibility of C. albicans isolates was assessed by disk diffusion agar technique. Then, CDR2 resistance gene was analyzed by RT-PCR and electrophoresis of the PCR products. Finally, patterns of the resulted bands were compared with standard fluconazole resistant strains. The collected data was analyzed using the SPSS software. Results: The results of drug sensitivity of 66 C. albicans isolates from AIDS patients revealed that 62.6% were susceptible, 8.6% were susceptible-dose dependent (SDD) and 28.7% were resistant. In RT-PCR analysis, 6% of patients had the CDR2 gene. Conclusion: The use of phenotypic methods like disk diffusion agar, which is cheaper, along with genotypic methods, like RT-PCR, which provide the possibility of studying the mechanism of drug resistance, is recommended.

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Abstract
Background & aim: Although there are no severe emotional problems among infertile couples, the quality of their marital life is greatly affected by it. Yet, the results of some studies show that for most infertile couples, this experience provides an opportunity to enhance the quality of the relationship with their spouse and become more intimate. The aim of this study was to explore and explain couples' themes about high quality marriage's infertile couples.
 
Methods: This study applied a qualitative approach done by semi-structured interviews with 15 infertile couples who were selected objectively among those who referred to Yazd Infertility Treatment Center. The participants signed informed consent form and answered the Marriage Quality Criterion (RDAS) – only to evaluate the marriage quality- and GHQ-28 Questionnaire – only to recognize the non-clinical population- before starting the interview. Data coding and analyzing was done by thematic analyze.
 
Results: According to the analysis of answers, paired components about marital quality among infertile couples were classified into five basic groups of "Make a happy, healthy marriage, take care of it" "lovely and intimate relation with each other", " Acceptance along with compassion towards and Commitment", "Stress Management and informed stability of marriage", and "A healthy relationship with the world of relationships outside" and 26 sub themes and 85 categories.

Conclusion:  According to the findings of this study, the quality of marital life about infertile couples was a multi-dimensional issue and due to lack of native studies about quality of infertile couples' lives, the results of this study could be used to improve the quality level of marital life of infertile couples in Infertile Treatment Centers and Psychological Counseling Centers and bring a basis for future studies in the field of investigating factors relative to marital quality among infertile couples in Iran culture.
 
 

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Background & aim: Marital conflicts are a common problem among young couples. Many visits to psychological centers are due to marital conflicts each year. Lack of knowledge of communication skills, affectionate styles, insufficient knowledge of the spouse's personality traits are among the factors that cause conflicts. The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of the treatment group based on the training of DSM- 5 personality types on reducing marital conflicts.
 
Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental survey with a pre and post-test without control group design. The statistical population of the study was 16 couples who referred to the group therapy announcement in the fall of 2019 to reduce marital conflicts. The participants were from high social and economic classes of the society and their level of education was bachelor and higher. At first, couples answered the test of marital conflict. Then, the personality types were trained in 8 sessions, each session lasting 1 hour. Members were assessed before and after training with the Sanai Marital Conflict Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using dependent t-test.
 
Results: The results indicated that group training of personality types is effective in reducing marital conflicts. A significant difference was seen between the mean of pre-test and post-test data (p <002 and 4.71) (t = 13) so that the overall mean of marital conflicts of members was significantly lower after the treatment group than the mean of their conflicts before the group. Has been therapeutic. There is a significant difference in all subscales of marital conflicts after group training (p <0.05) with the exception of subscale to attract child support and increase relationships with relatives.
 
Conclusion: Thus, it can be concluded that increasing the couple's awareness of each other's personality type and recognizing their strengths and weaknesses can be an effective step in reducing marital conflicts. Also, the couple's desire increased after learning about cognitive types to follow individual therapy sessions and resolve intra-psychological conflicts.