Interactive Effect of Eight Weeks of Aerobic Exercise with Garlic Supplementation on Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha(TNFα) Levels in the Brain Tissue of Rats with Parkinson's Disease

Khademi , Y; Shahdoost , S; Pourhaji , H; Pirouz , M; Younesiramedani,  A

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Volume 30, Issue 3 (4-2025)

__Armaghane Danesh__ 2025, 30(3): 340-352

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Interactive Effect of Eight Weeks of Aerobic Exercise with Garlic Supplementation on Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha(TNFα) Levels in the Brain Tissue of Rats with Parkinson's Disease

Y Khademi¹

, S Shahdoost²

, H Pourhaji³

, M Pirouz⁴

, A Younesiramedani⁵

1- Department of Physical Education, Taft Branch, Islamic Azad University, Taft, Iran , youneskhademi3@gmail.com
2- Student Research Committee, Taft Branch, Islamic Azad University, Taft, Iran
3- Department of Physical Education, Bam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bam, Iran
4- Department of Physical Education, Farhangian University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
5- Department of Kinesiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA

Abstract: (2093 Views)

Background & aim: Parkinson's disease is associated with systemic inflammation in the nerves. Although the role of exercise training and antioxidant supplements alone on nervous system health has been demonstrated, their interactive effect is not well understood. Investigating the interactive effect of aerobic exercise and garlic supplementation on TNFα levels in Parkinsonian rats is necessary because neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in the destruction of dopaminergic neurons and evidence shows that both interventions independently have anti-inflammatory properties, but their synergistic mechanisms remain unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the interactive effect of eight weeks of aerobic exercise with garlic supplementation on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) levels in the brain tissue of Parkinsonian rats.

Methods: In the present experimental study conducted with a post-test design with a control group in 2023, twenty-four Parkinsonian rats were divided into groups by injection of 2 mg/kg of reserpine; 1- patient control, 2- garlic supplement, 3- aerobic exercise, and 4- aerobic exercise + garlic supplement. To investigate the effects of Parkinson's induction on TNF-α, 6 rats were placed in the healthy control group. The aerobic exercise program was performed on a treadmill for rodents for eight weeks, three sessions per week. The exercise protocol was designed gradually and incrementally, so that the duration and intensity of the exercise increased from 15 minutes of running at a speed of 10 meters/minute in the first week to 48 minutes of running at a speed of 24 meters/minute in the final week. The groups receiving the supplement received garlic aqueous extract at a dose of 500 mg/kg of body weight via gavage (forced feeding) daily for eight weeks. At the end of the intervention period, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) protein levels in target tissues were measured as an indicator of systemic inflammation. The collected data were analyzed using independent t-tests, two-way ANOVA, and Bonferroni-Shapiro-Wilk, Levine post hoc tests.

Results: TNF-α levels in the patient control group were significantly higher than in the healthy control group (p=0.001). TNF-α expression in the brain tissue of rats in the exercise (p=0.04) and supplement groups (p=0.003) was significantly lower than in the control group. Moreover, exercise and garlic supplementation had a synergistic effect on reducing TNF-α in the brain tissue of rats with Parkinson's disease (p=0.002).

Conclusion: It appeared that aerobic exercise and garlic supplementation, both alone and simultaneously, through similar pathways can reduce each other's effects in reducing inflammatory factors in the brain tissue of rats with Parkinson's.

Keywords: Aerobic exercise, garlic supplementation, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, Parkinson's disease.

Full-Text [PDF 677 kb] (29 Downloads)

Type of Study: Research | Subject: Sport Physiology
Received: 2025/01/10 | Accepted: 2025/05/10 | Published: 2025/05/13

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Khademi Y, Shahdoost S, Pourhaji H, Pirouz M, Younesiramedani A. Interactive Effect of Eight Weeks of Aerobic Exercise with Garlic Supplementation on Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha(TNFα) Levels in the Brain Tissue of Rats with Parkinson's Disease. armaghanj 2025; 30 (3) :340-352
URL: http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-3750-en.html

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